2. Determine and perform the scope of work necessary to develop credible assignment results
3. Disclose the scope of work in the report
Scope of work acceptability
When it meets or exceeds:
1. Expectations of parties who are regularly intended users for similar assignments and
2. What an Appraiser's peers actions would be in performing the same or similar assignments
Economic Basis of Model Building
Supply factors relate to availability and thus reflect such things as Cost, interest rates, and economic
conditions. Demand factors include characteristics to buyers, such as construction quality, condition,
and location.
Basic Cost Model Structure
MV = LV + BV
,SCORE MORE
Basic Sales Comparison Basic Model Structure
MVs = Sc + ADJc
Basic Income Models
1. NOI Model
MV = NOI / OAR
2. GI Model
MV = GI x GIM
Model Development
1. Specification
2. Calibration
3. Quality Assurance
Specification
What data to include in the model and in what format
1. Additive
2. Multiplicative
3. Hybrid (generic)
Additive Model Structure
Each of the variables are independent from the other variables. A change in one variable does not
directly impact any other variables
, SCORE MORE
MV = ($/sqft x sqft) + ($/plumbing fixture x #fixtures) + ($/car stall x #/cars) + ...
Multiplicative Model Structure
Each of the variables are interdependent. Any change to one variable will have an impact on all of the
other variables.
Hybrid (generic) Model Structure
Combines both additive and multiplicative model structures
Finding Net Operating Income (NOI)
1. Potential Gross Income (PGI) 100% occupancy at market rent (market rent is the prevailing rent in the
open market, not the rent called for in a lease)
2. Minus Vacancy and Collection Loss (V&C) - any money lost from units not being rented or from people
not paying rent
3. Plus Miscellaneous Income (Misc Inc) - income from secondary sources, such as clubhouse rentals,
health club memberships, storage rentals, and vending or laundry machines
4. Equals Effective Gross Income (EGI) - this 100% of the actual money made by the real property
operation.
5. Minus Allowable Expenses and Reserves (Exp & Res) - expenses that have to do with the operation of
the real estate and not the business. Reserves are items that will wear out before the bone structure,
such as carpet, roof, air conditioners, etc. Reserves are expensed on a prorated basis (ie. Carpet lasts 5
years so if it costs $2, = $400 allowable deduction per year)
6. Equals Net Operating Income (NOI) - the income remaining after expenses and reserves. This is the "I"
in the IRV formula
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