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Patho NUR 280 - Exam 1 Questions And Verified Detailed Answers Latest Update 100% Pass Guaranteed

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Patho NUR 280 - Exam 1 Questions And Verified Detailed Answers Latest Update 100% Pass Guaranteed...

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  • September 21, 2024
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  • Patho NUR 280
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Patho NUR 280 - Exam 1 Questions And Verified Detailed Answers
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what is the purpose of the plasma membrane?

barrier- keeps inside stuff in the cell and outside stuff outside of the cell

what is the mechanism of the sodium potassium pump?

active transport of Na/K: exchange for each other across cell membrane

in what direction are sodium ions in higher concentration when the sodium potassium
pump is at work?

outside

Where are the potassium ions more concentrated in the action of sodium potassium
pump?

inside

During the failure of the sodium potassium pump, where are the potassium and sodium
ions transported?

Na in, K out - cell malfunction

What is the role of mitochondria?

energy producer

What type of metabolism does mitochondria require?

aerobic - w/ oxygen

Mitochondria has own special what?

DNA - different from what's in the nucleus of the cell

What is smooth endoplasmic reticulum?



synthesizes lipids

What is rough endoplasmic reticulum?

,rough because of ribosomes



transport proteins

What happens in the ribosomes?



protein synthesis

What diminishes protein synthesis activity?



absence of O2 - hypoxia

(ribosomes make too little proteins)

What does the cell nucleus do?



mastermind

What happens in the nucleus regarding DNA?



replication - transcription

What is DNA made of?

nucleotides include purine and pyrimidine bases

What is the comparison of transcription and translation?

Transcription- in cell nucleus -DNA helix unwinds/separates ---> single strand RNA.



mRNA- instructions



tRNA- amino acids per instructions



Translation- in ribosomes; protein!!

What is mRNA?

, messenger; form of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the
ribosome

What is tRNA?

transfer RNA; form of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome

What is rRNA?

ribosomal RNA; type of RNA that makes up part of the ribosome

What causes cellular injury?

lots of different agents that harm the cell

How do cells cope in the short term?

maintain homeostasis

What do cells develop in cel injury in the long term?

Cells develop either adaptive or maladaptive changes. Overwhelming insult causes cell
death

What are adaptive changes?

atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia

What is atrophy?

smaller cell size - paralysis causes shrinkage of skeletal muscle

What is hypertrophy?

bigger cell size - heart muscle cell enlarges because of hypertension

What is hyperplasia?

more cells (increased number) - estrogen stimulates breast cell growth in pregnancy

What is metaplasia?

change in one cell type for another - GERD causes esophageal cells to be replaced by
stomach lining cell

What are examples of maladaptive changes?

dysplasia, neoplasia

What is dysplasia?

deranged cell growth - cervical cell dysplasia on a pap smear

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