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Astrobiology Exam 1 With Real Solutions 2024
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Astrobiology Exam 1 With Real Solutions 2024
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Astrobiology Exam 1 With Real Solutions2024
Astrobiology .- .correct .answer.Aims .to .understand .the .fundamental .nature .of .life .on .Earth
.and .the .possibility .of .life .elsewhere .in .the .universe.
What .are .the .two .major .forms .of .science? .- .correct .answer.Hypothesis-driven .and
.Discovery .science
Pseudoscience .- .correct .answer.Any .body .of .knowledge, .methodology, .belief, .or .practice
.that .claims .to .be .scientific .but .does .not .follow .the .scientific .method.
How .can .we .identify .pseudoscience? .- .correct .answer.- .use .of .vague, .exaggerated .or
.untestible .claims.
- .over-reliance .on .confirmation .rather .than .refutation
- .lack .of .openness .to .testing .by .other .experts
- .lack .of .progress
- .personalization .of .issues
The .Universe .- .correct .answer.The .sum .total .of .all .matter .and .energy, .and .is .always
.expanding.
How .heavy .was .the .starting .material .of .the .big .bang? .- .correct .answer.About .1000 .lbs.
Big .Bang .Theory .- .correct .answer.Cosmological .model .that .explains .the .sudden
.development .of .the .universe .through .expansion .from .a .hot, .dense .state.
Dark .Matter .- .correct .answer.matter .that .does .not .give .off .electromagnetic .radiation .but .is
.quite .abundant .in .the .universe
How .many .stars .are .in .the .Milky .Way .Galaxy? .- .correct .answer.100-400 .billion .stars.
How .do .stars .start? .- .correct .answer.As .gas .clouds.
Speed .of .light .- .correct .answer.3.00 .x .10^8 .m/s
,Describe .the .material .of .stars. .- .correct .answer.The .fact .that .material .the .stars .are .made
.up .of .is .physically .and .chemically .altered .within .the .stars .throughout .the .course .of .their
.lifetime .and .death.
What .does .it .mean .to .say .that .we're .made .of .stardust? .- .correct .answer.All .components
.of .organic .molecules .necessary .fro .life .are .produced .by .stars.
Stellar .Formation .leads .to .what .happening .to .elements? .- .correct .answer.the .synthesis .of
.heavier .elements .through .various .nuclear .reactions
What .force .is .responsible .for .stellar .formation? .- .correct .answer.Gravity .is .the .force
.responsible .for .stellar .formation, .and .the .mass .of .material .that .forms .a .star .largely
.determines .its .life .and .fate.
Describe .the .constitution .of .the .gas .component .of .the .molecular .cloud. .- .correct
.answer.74% .Hydrogen
25% .Helium
1% .other .heavy .elements
Stellar .Nursery .- .correct .answer.Also .called .a .molecular .cloud, .is .the .cloud .of .matter .from
.which .stars .originate. .They .are .clouds .primarily .consisting .of .hydrogen .which .are .dense
.and .big .enough .that .molecules .are .formed .from .atoms. .They .are .not .extremely .common
.in .the .interstellar .medium .(ISM), .but .they .are .the .densest .objects .in .it. .The .molecular .gas
.found .in .the .Milky .Way .corresponds .with .its .spiral .system.
Protostar .Formation .- .correct .answer.1. .As .the .Molecular .Cloud .shrinks .due .to .gravity, .it
.spins.
2. .The .rate .of .spin .increases, .which .flattens .the .cloud .into .a .circumstellar .disk .via .angular
.momentum
3. .Near .the .cloud .core, .the .temperature .rises .as .the .cloud .ensity .and .pressure .increases.
4. .When .temperature .grows .hot .enough, .the .core .emits .light.
Protostar .to .Star .Transformation .- .correct .answer.1. .After .1-10 .million .years, .the
.temperature .of .the .protostar .reaches .a .few .million .Kelvin.
2. .At .this .point, .thermonuclear .fusion .starts .and .converts .H .to .He
3. .Increased .temperature .stops .gravitational .collapse, .to .which:
Gravitational .Collapse .= .Thermal .Pressure
4. .The .protostar .is .now .a .star.
What .is .a .measure .of .the .evolution .of .stars? .- .correct .answer.Luminosity .of .a .star
.changes .as .the .surface .temperature .changes.
Stellar .Parallax .- .correct .answer.the .apparent .shift .in .the .position .of .a .nearby .star
.(relative .to .distant .objects) .that .occurs .as .we .view .the .star .from .different .positions .in
.Earth's .orbit .of .the .Sun .each .year
, What .are .the .two .processes .in .which .stars .can .burn .H .to .form .He? .- .correct .answer.1.
.Proton-Proton .Chain
2. .Carbon-Nitrogen-Oxygen .Chain
What .happens .as .a .star .gradually .uses .up .Hydrogen .in .its .core? .- .correct .answer.1. .It
.undergoes .changes .in .luminosity, .radius, .and .temperature. .
2. .The .decrease .in .pressure .causes .a .shrinking .of .the .core .and .increase .in .temperature.
3. .The .increase .in .temperature .accelerates .the .H .burning .and .causes .the .star .to .increase
.in .size, .temperature, .and .luminosity.
What .happens .with .H .runs .out .in .a .star? .- .correct .answer.You're .left .with .the .Helium .core,
.and .the .star .becomes .a .Red .Giant.
How .does .a .Red .Star .begin .to .die? .- .correct .answer.Helium .heats .up .the .core, .which
.causes .size .and .luminosity .to .increase.
As .the .H .shell .burns, .the .core .increases .in .temperature, .and .He .nuclear .fusion .forms .C
.and .O. .
The .star .then .shrinks .and .the .final .stage .begins.
Low .Mass .Stars .form .what .when .dying? .- .correct .answer.White .Dwarfs .(an .exposed .star
.core)
Describe .the .degredation .of .a .white .dwarf. .- .correct .answer.1. .When .He .in .core .is
.depleted, .the .He .in .the .outer .shell .starts .nuclear .fusion .in .star, .and .enters .a .second .red
.giant .phase.
2. .It .continues .to .lose .mass .and .the .temperature .decreases .to .about .3000K.
3. .The .final .stage .the .star .sheds .its .H .and .He .layers .so .the .core .remains
4. .The .mass .of .the .star .is .that .of .Earth.
Why .is .the .death .of .a .high .mass .star .important? .- .correct .answer.It .results .in
.replinishment .of .elements .in .the .ISM.
Supergiant .- .correct .answer.An .iron .core .surrounded .by .several .element .burning .shells
.called .the ."onion .burning .model"
Describe .the .collapse .of .a .star .- .correct .answer.The .Iron .Core .cannot .hold .up .against
.gravity .and .it .collapses, .which .causes .a .shockwave .which .causes .a .supernova.
What .are .the .criteria .for .a .black .hole .or .a .neutron .star? .- .correct .answer.Black .Hole:
.>3Msun
Neutron .Star: .<3Msun
Solar .Nebula .- .correct .answer.A .large .cloud .of .gas .and .dust .such .as .the .one .that .formed
.our .solar .system .and .its .planets
How .long .does .it .take .for .rocky .planet .formation? .- .correct .answer.100 .million .years.
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