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Astrobiology Final Exam Review With Correct Solutions 2024
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Astrobiology Final Exam Review With Correct Solutions 2024
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Astrobiology Final Exam Review WithCorrect Solutions 2024
The .surface .of .Mars .- .correct .answer.Towering .volcanoes
Deep .canyons .
Crators
polar .ice .caps .
Winter= .-150 .degrees
summer .can .be .+20 .degrees .
1/3 .the .amount .of .gravity .that .earth .has
Surface .is .dry .and .dusty
Mars .Orbiters/ .satellites .(6) .- .correct .answer.1) .Mars .reconnaissance .prbiter
2) .Trace .Gas .Orbiter .
3) .Mars .Odeyssey .
4) .Maven .
5) .Mangalyaan .
6) .Mars .Express
Three .Requirements .for .Life .: .- .correct .answer.1) .Building .blocks .for .life: .Material .that .life
.can .arrise .from .or .organic .compounds/ .processes
2) .Source .of .Energy: .Sunlight .or .chemical .energy .to .power .life
3) .Liquid .water: .h2o
What .is .the .largest .planet .- .correct .answer.Jupiter
What .is .the .smallest .planet .- .correct .answer.Mercury
Solar .system .in .order .- .correct .answer.Sun
Mercury .
Venus
Earth .
Mars .
Jupiter
Saturn .
,Uranus .
Neptune .
.
Note: .Mercury, .venus, .earth, .and .mars .ar .considered .terrestrial .planets .
Juipter, .saturn, .uranus .and .neptune .are .Jovian .planets .
Jupiter .and .Saturn .are .considered .gas .giant .planets
Uranus .and .Neptune .are .considered .ice .giant .planets
Substances .that .have .the .potential .to .do .what .liquid .water .does .on .other .planets. .- .correct
.answer.1) .ammonia
2) .methanol
3) .methane .
4) .ethane
Advantages .of .liquid .water. .- .correct .answer.1 .) .water .remains .liquid .over .a .wide .range .of
.temps .
2) .Oddity .in .the .way .water .freezes. .usually .a .substance .in .its .solid .form .is .more .dense.
.However . water .in .its .solid .form .is .less .dense, .it .floats .! .( .this .is .good .as .a .layer .of .ice .can
.insulate .water .beneath .it .allowing .life .to .survive .in .that .water. .
3) .polarity .of .water: .the .water .molecule .has .a .side .with .a .net .negative .charge .and .a .side
.with .a .net .positive .charge .( .this .charge .separation .affects .the .way . which .water .dissolves
.other .substances)
Missions .to .explore .other .worlds .- .correct .answer.1) .flyby .
2) .orbiter
3)lander .or .probe
4) .Sample .return .mission
(From .Lecture)
Largest .volcano .on .mars .- .correct .answer.Olympus .mons .
no .volcanic .activity .presently. .It .was .assumed .to .have .become .inactive .in .the .recent .past.
.
( .To .: .remember .to .hike .up .this .volcano .you .gotta .be .an .olympic .mon)
(From .Lecture)
Deep .canyon .on .mars .is .also .known .as .- .correct .answer.Valles .marineris .
( .Similar .to .grand .canyon .on .earth .but .its .deeper .and .longer)
(From .Lecture)
, Overall .summary .about .mars .- .correct .answer.In .summary, .the .hypothesis .we .have
.described .suggests .that .Mars .changed .primarily .because .of .its .relatively .small .size. .It
.was .big .enough .for .volcanism .and .outgassing .to .release .plenty .of .water .and .atmospheric
.gas .early .in .its .history, .but .too .small .to .maintain .the .internal .heat .needed .to .create .a
.strong .magnetic .field .and .magnetosphere .that .could .prevent .this .loss .of .water .and .gas.
.As .it's .interior .cooled, .its .volcanoes .quieted .and .released .far .less .gas .into .the
.atmosphere, .while .its .relatively . weak .gravity .and .the .loss .of .its .magnetic .field .allowed
.existing .gas .to .be .stripped .away .to .space. .If .Mars .had .been .as .large .as .Earth, .so .that .it
.could .still .have .outgassing .and .a .global .magnetic .field, .it .might .still .have .a .pleasant
.climate .today. .Mars's .distance .from .the .Sun .also .helped .seal .its .fate: .Even .with .its .small
.size, .Mars .might .still .have .some .flowing .water .if .it .were .significantly .closer .to .the .Sun,
.where .the .extra .warmth .could .melt .the .water .that .remains .frozen .underground .and .at .the
.polar .caps.
.( .FROM .THE .TEXTBOOK .CH .8)
Hematite .- .correct .answer.Detection .of .this .mineral .by .the .Mars .Opportunity .rover. .The
.detection .of .this .mineral .is .important .because .it .is .associated .with .water .on .earth. .(It .is
.usually .found .in .conjunction .with .water) .
There .is .an .area .on .mars .with .a .great .concentration .of .the .hematite .mineral .(this .could .be
.a .link .to .liquid .water .being .on .Mars .in .the .past.) .
- .Also .referred .to .as ." .Martian .blueberries" .- .small .solid .pieces .that .have .hematite .in .them
.they .were .formed .from .being .in .liquid .water .a .long .time .ago .( .in .a .hot .acidic .water
.environment. .These .martian .bluberies .are .assumed .to .have .been .created .in .an .acidic
.lake .or .in .acidic .hotsprings
(suggestive .of .liquid .water .in .the .past)
(From .Lecture)
Evidence .for .water .on .mars .- .correct .answer.Ancient .mars .: .
- .dry .river .beds
-sedimentary .layers .
-ancient .ocean .floor .and .shorlines
-hematite .minerals ."Martians .blueberries" .
Present-day .mars .
- .seasonal .dark .streaks .
-hydrogen .content .and .subsurface .ice
- .underground
current .evidence .for .life .on .mars .( .4) .- .correct .answer.1) .Soil .experiments .by .the .Viking
.missions .: .3 .different .experiments
Carbon .assimilation .experiment
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