Multiphase Fluid Mechanics Exam Questions and Answers
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Course
Mechanical enginering
Institution
Mechanical Enginering
Tieback - Answers - Unprocessed wellhead fluids flow via a pipeline to a processing facility far away
- Operate below bubble point
Transport multiphase flow (e.g., gas, hydrocarbon liquids, aqueous phase, solids)
- Behaviour of multiphase mixture changes with phase rates and physical properties...
Multiphase Fluid Mechanics Exam Questions and Answers
Tieback - Answers - Unprocessed wellhead fluids flow via a pipeline to a processing facility far away
- Operate below bubble point
Transport multiphase flow (e.g., gas, hydrocarbon liquids, aqueous phase, solids)
- Behaviour of multiphase mixture changes with phase rates and physical properties
- Use multiphase submodels for different flow regimes
Gas/Liquid Multiphase Flow - Answers - Difficult
- Different forces to mix / separate phases
- Creates complex 3D problem
- Gas/liquid mixtures do not act as average of two phases
Counter Intuitive Multiphase Flow (Choke Flow) - Answers - Speed of sound determine max velocity
- Can determine max depressurisation rate
Subsonic upstream flow > Sonic surface > Sonic/Supersonic downstream flow
Counter Intuitive Multiphase Flow (Splitting) - Answers - Gas and liquid do not split in same proportion
- Can potentially causse sloshing
- Less predictable GLR in downstream equipment
Avoid splitting multiphase flow in networks
Phase Fraction - Answers Fraction of cross section it occupies
εN: Phase fraction of Phase N
εg: Void fraction
εl: Liquid Hold Up
Mass Flow Fraction of Phase - Answers xN = MN / M
, xN: Quality
MN: Mass rate of phase
M: Total mass rate of flow
Volume Flow Fraction of Phase - Answers βN = VN / V
xN: Volume Flow fraction of phase
MN: Volume rate of phase
M: Total volume rate of flow
Transient Simulators - Answers - Start with initial condition (from steady state simulation)
- Update condition through time
Depend on inlet, outlet, mass momentum and energy balance
- Know everything about network initial condition
Steady Statae vs Transient Simulators - Answers - Solve differently as they have different tasks
- Transient simulator steady state engine are slow and do not work well for networks
- Transient issues estimated cheaply with steady state results
- Steady state issues are more expensive
>90% of production life is near steady state
Psuedo Steady State Simulation - Answers - Upstream System uses steady state simulator
Too time consuming to use transient
- Integrated Production Models
Takes timestep in order of months
Assumed to be steady state at each timestep (exc. reservoir)
- Wax deposition simulators assume psuedo steady state for hydraulics
Non-Homogenous Model - Answers - Phases travel at different velocities (slip) under a range of
conditions due to gravity
- Slip causes εN ≠ βL
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