Exam (elaborations)
Pathophysiology NU 545-- Unit 5-- Pulmonary_ Kidney I Questions and Answers
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Pathophysiology NU 545-- Unit 5-- Pulmonary_ Kidney I Questions and Answers
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1-140 of 140Reduced oxygenation of cells in tissues.
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Hypoxia
,-secreted from adrenal cortex
-a potent vasopressor
-inhibits renin release
-stimulates ADH secretion and thirst
-increases NaCl reabsorption by collecting ducts, Loop of Henle, and distal tubules
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Aldosterone
A chronic inflammatory disorder of the bronchial mucosa that causes bronchial
hyperresponsiveness, constriction of the airways, and variable airflow obstruction that
is reversible.
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Asthma
Are masses of crystals, protein, or other substances that are a common cause of
urinary tract obstruction in adults. Usuallly made of calcium oxylate or phosphate,
struvite, and uric acid.
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Renal calculi
,An infection of the lower respiratory tract caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa,
or parasites
-6th leading causes of death in the U.S.
-responsible for more disease and death than any other infection
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Pneumonia
In asthmatic response it activates polymorphonucleocytes that contribute to a more
exaggerated inflammatory response.
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IL-8
Continues from the Bowman space and has an initial convoluted segment (pars
convolute) and then a straight segment (pars recta) that descends toward the medulla
. Consists of one layer of cuboidal cells with a surface layer of microvilli that increases
reabsorptive surface area. The only surface inside the nephron where the cells are
covered with microvilli (a brush border).
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Proximal tubule
, A hairpin-shaped loop composed of thick and thin portions of a descending segment
that goes into the medulla; where the proximal tubule joins.
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Loop of Henle
Tiny pores which permit some air to pass through the septa from alveolus to alveolus,
promoting collateral ventilation and even distribution of air among the alveoli.
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Pors of Kohn
Inspired irritants result in airway inflammation with infiltration of neutrophils,
macrophages, and lymphocytes into the bronchial wall.
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Patho of Chronic Bronchitis
Antigen exposure to bronchial mucosa activates dendritic cells to present the antigen
to CD4+ Tcells, which differentiate into Th2 cells. These cells release numerous
cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-8 & IL-13.
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