OD Comprehensive Questions and Answers Latest upload 2024/2025 with 100% verified Solutions
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Explain the endosymbiotic event that gave rise to Supergroup Archaeplastida. - ANSWER-A
heterotrophic protist (eukaryote) acquired a cyanobacterial endosymbiont. The descendants of this
ancient protist evolved into red algae and green algae
Draw and label the entire clade for Archaeplastida. - A...
OD Comprehensive Questions and Answers Latest
upload 2024/2025 with 100% verified Solutions
Explain the endosymbiotic event that gave rise to Supergroup Archaeplastida. - ANSWER-A
heterotrophic protist (eukaryote) acquired a cyanobacterial endosymbiont. The descendants of this
ancient protist evolved into red algae and green algae
Draw and label the entire clade for Archaeplastida. - ANSWER-FIGURE>>>>
Why are red algae red? - ANSWER-Red algae are red because of the pigment phycoerythrin which masks
green chlorophyll pigments. Their color varies from greenish-red in shallow water to dark red or almost
black in deep water.
Describe two uses of red algae (by humans). - ANSWER-Two of the main ones are: Nori - the red alga
Porphyra is the source of a traditional Japanese food; and Carrageenans - a family of polysaccharides
extracted from red seaweeds - many uses (such as diet soda, ice cream, beer, toothpaste, air fresheners,
etc.)
What is a chlorophyte? - ANSWER-Green algae
Name three places where a chlorophyte can live. - ANSWER-Most live in either fresh water or marine
environments. Some live in damp soil, as symbionts in lichens, or in snow
Name one genus of Chlorophyte that is: multicellular, unicellular, colonial? - ANSWER-Multicellular: Ulva
Colonial: Volvax
Unicellular: Chlamydomonas
Draw and label the life cycle of Chlamydomonas. - ANSWER-FIGURE>>>>
What 4 morphological traits support the sister-taxa relationship of charophytes and land plants? -
ANSWER-1. Formation of phragmoplast
2. Rosette shaped membrane proteins
, 3. Sperm ultrastructure
4. Peroxisome enzymes
Is there any other evidence to support this relationship? - ANSWER-Molecular data. Comparisons of
both nuclear and chloroplast genes point to Charophytes as the closest living relatives of land plants
Describe four reasons why the move from an aquatic environment to a land environment was beneficial
for the first land plants. - ANSWER-Direct sunlight for photosynthesis
Escape some predators (initially)
CO2 concentration better than in water
Increased nutrient availability
Describe the two main challenges associated with a terrestrial habitat for the first land plants. -
ANSWER-Dessication (drying out) and Gravity (the need for structural support to stand up).
What are the four major unique traits of the land plants? - ANSWER-1. Alternation of generations with
multi-cellular dependent embryos
2. walled spores produced in sporangia
3. Apical meristems
4. Multi-cellular gametangia
What does alternation of generations mean? (It may help to draw out the life cycle). - ANSWER-The
term alternation of generations is the name given to the plant life cycle. It refers to the fact that the
plant has two "multicellular" stages of its life cycle (the gametophyte generation and sporophyte
generations) that differ in ploidy (gametophyte = n, sporophyte = 2n).
Sporophyte produces spores through meiosis so spores are haploid.
Gametophyte has either male or female gametangia; male antheridia produce sperm and female
archegonia produce eggs.
Fertilization occurs within the archegonia and results in a diploid Zygote that grows into a new
sporophyte.
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