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HSY2601 Assignment 4 Semester 2 2024 - DUE 30 September 2024
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HSY2601 Assignment 4 Semester 2 2024 - DUE 30 September 2024 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
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[Date]HSY2601 Assignment
4 Semester 2 2024 -
DUE 30 September
2024
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
,HSY2601 Assignment 4 Semester 2 2024 - DUE 30 September 2024
Discuss the reasons for the unequal relations between black and white people in the
19th-century US context after the abolition of slavery and beyond.
Recommended Readings:
• The birth of the modern world, : global connections and comparisons / C.A.
Bayly.
• Study Guide: HSY2601 HSY2601: THEMES IN 19TH CENTURY HISTORY:
POWER AND THE WESTERN WORLD. 4 OR
The unequal relations between Black and white people in the 19th-century United
States, particularly after the abolition of slavery in 1865, were shaped by a
complex set of social, political, economic, and ideological factors. While the 13th
Amendment abolished slavery, it did not dismantle the entrenched systems of white
supremacy and racial inequality that persisted in American society. Several factors
contributed to these unequal relations, which are critical to understanding the
ongoing racial tensions in the post-Civil War era.
1. Legacy of Slavery
Even after the formal abolition of slavery, its legacy profoundly influenced the
relationship between Black and white people. For centuries, the institution of
slavery had dehumanized Black people, reducing them to property and justifying
their exploitation. These ideologies of racial superiority, deeply ingrained in white
society, did not disappear with emancipation. White Americans continued to view
Black people as inferior, and this racial hierarchy was maintained through both
legal and social mechanisms.
, 2. Economic Marginalization
The abolition of slavery did not come with economic opportunities for freed Black
people. The Southern economy, which was built on the labor of enslaved people,
was devastated after the Civil War. However, the new economic systems, such as
sharecropping, continued to exploit Black labor. Sharecropping tied Black families
to the land of white landowners, often in conditions not far removed from slavery.
These sharecroppers were forced to work in return for a share of the crop, but the
economic system was highly exploitative, keeping Black people in a cycle of debt
and poverty. Additionally, many freed people were denied access to land, which
could have given them a chance at economic independence.
3. Black Codes and Jim Crow Laws
In the immediate aftermath of the Civil War, Southern states enacted "Black
Codes" aimed at controlling the movement, behavior, and labor of newly freed
Black people. These laws restricted the freedom of Black people and ensured their
availability as a cheap labor force. The codes regulated aspects of daily life,
including vagrancy laws that penalized Black people for not having employment,
effectively forcing them back into exploitative labor arrangements.
In the late 19th century, as Reconstruction ended and federal troops withdrew from
the South, "Jim Crow" laws institutionalized racial segregation and
disenfranchisement. These laws formalized the unequal social relations between
Black and white Americans, segregating schools, transportation, and public spaces
while preventing Black people from voting through literacy tests, poll taxes, and
violent intimidation.
4. Violence and Intimidation
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