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BSC1010 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% VERIFIED GUARANTEED PASS
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BSC1010 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% VERIFIED GUARANTEED PASS Core Concept: -MOST traits are not based on 1 gene. - Cells in specific tissues such as muscle, determine which genes are active and where they are located during development. - The genome of an orga...

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  • September 22, 2024
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BSC1010 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND

ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%

VERIFIED GUARANTEED PASS
Core Concept:


-MOST traits are not based on 1 gene.

- Cells in specific tissues such as muscle, determine which genes are active and where they are located

during development.

- The genome of an organism is represented in each cell.

- the key to gene function is the information or instructions to produce proteins.

- Mutations occur randomly and are sources of variation.


Genetics


the study of traits and their inheritance


Father of genetics


Gregor Mendel; discovered the basic rules of genetic inheritance by breeding pea plants. (Mendelian

genetics)


Chromosome

,a structure in all living cells that consists of DNA and carries the genes determining heredity.


Gene


a specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is involved in synthesizing polypeptides (Gene A: hair

color)


Alleles


alternate versions of genes (A= brown or a= black), which account for variations in inherited

characteristics.


Locus (loci)


the location of a given gene along the length of a certain chromosome.


Dominant v. Recessive


refers to the different variations of a gene (alleles)


Dominant alleles


variations of a gene that masks a recessive allele; only 1 dominant is needed to express the

corresponding physical traits; represented by an UPPERCASE letter.


Recessive alleles


variations of a gene that produce the corresponding physical traits ONLY when there are 2 copies

present; represented by lowercase letter.


Genotype


the set of genes passed from individual to individual that code for proteins that are responsible for the

phenotype

,Phenotype


the physical traits of an organism that result from the expression of the genotype.


Homozygous


a genotype which has identical alleles at the same locus (PP, pp)


Homozygous dominant


both alleles are dominant (PP)


Homozygous recessive


both alleles are recessive (pp)


Heterozygous


a genotype which has two different alleles at the same locus (Pp)


True Breeding


when two organisms with a homozygous genotype breed to produce offspring with a certain phenotype

and pure genotype; offspring is produced to have the same traits as the parents


Mendel's First Law


Segregation of Alternate Factors:with certain traits there were individual plants which if only crossed

with other plants just like them would almost always produce the exact same phenotype (true-breeders,

Homozygous, P1.)


Monohybrid cross/ single trait punnet squares


P Generation: Bread a pure Purple (PP) homozygous dominant plant with a pure homozygous recessive

White (pp) plant. (true breeders)

, Monohybrid cross for F1 Gen.


Only showed 1 dominant trait (purple flowers). Purple flowers are hybrids. (Pp)

P gen traits didnt blend.


Monohybrid cross for F2 Generation


F1 hybrids are crossed, thier offspring 3/4 were dominant purple color (PP, Pp). 1/4th expressed the (P

generation) white color (pp).


Monohybrid phenotypic ratio


ratio of the phenotypes in the offspring of a cross; 3:1


Monohybrid genotypic ratio


ratio of the genotypes in the offspring of a cross; 1:2:1


Factos


genes separated during gametogenesis


Probability and gametes


factos that came in pairs but were separated


Mendel's second Law


Independent Assortment; discovered through crossing multiple traits simultaneously, known as two trait

cross


PpLl; PL (traits on one chromosome), pl(traits on another chromosome)


p and l traits can not be independently assorted because they are linked (on the same chromosome)

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