Marine Science Exam #4 Questions with Latest Update
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Course
Marine Science
Institution
Marine Science
Primary Production - Answer-Where photosynthesis occurs
Why do some areas have high rates of primary production than others? - Answer--Eeterogenous water column leads to low nutrient levels and little photosynthesis in tropical areas.
-Equatorial upwelling causes a slight increase of photosynth...
Marine Science Exam #4 Questions with
Latest Update
Primary Production - Answer-Where photosynthesis occurs
Why do some areas have high rates of primary production than others? - Answer--
Eeterogenous water column leads to low nutrient levels and little photosynthesis in
tropical areas.
-Equatorial upwelling causes a slight increase of photosynthesis near equator.
-Colder waters mean no thermocline. Homogenous water column that is nutrient rich.
Lots of photosynthesis.
-Eutrophication results in dead zones. - Coastal upwelling.
Pollagic Ecosystems - Answer-Open water, plankton
Photosynthesis - Answer-Process used by plants and other organisms to convert light
energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities.
_______ is strongest a bit below the surface because _____ need a buffer of water to
protect them from the sun. - Answer-Photosynthesis, plankton
The _____ of water determines how deep _____ can occur. - Answer-Type,
photosynthesis
Chemosynthesis - Answer-Biological conversion of carbon dioxide and other chemicals
to make food. (Ex: Hydrothermal vents). Breaking down chemical bonds to make food.
Organisms either eat bacteria or have a symbiotic relationship with bacteria.
Cyanobacteria - Answer-Convert unusual nitrogen in atmosphere so that it is
biologically usable. Create food in areas where there is no food.
The vast majority of _____ in water attack _______. This allows the ______ to dump
out important stuff in the water like ______. - Answer-Viruses, bacteria, bacteria,
minerals.
Permanent ______ in open oceans does not allow for much species ______. - Answer-
Thermocline, diversity
Planktonic Organisms - Answer-Drifters
Phytoplankton - Answer-Autotrophic. The basis of almost all ocean food chains. -
Diatoms. -Dinoflagellates. -Cocolithophores.
, Most production occurs in ______ zones. This is because ____ is limited in the poles,
and ____ is limited in the tropics. - Answer-Temperate, light, nutrients
Autotrophic - Answer-Organisms that make their own food.
Heterotrophic - Answer-Organisms that must consume food from other organisms
because they are unable to synthesize their own food molecules.
Diatoms - Answer-Heavy glass shells, most abundant plankton in ocean. Important
economic uses for humans. Displaces heavy body weight due to glass shells with hairs.
They store their energy in oils that make them lighter. When they die they sink to the
bottom and become oil.
Dinoflagellates - Answer-Plankton that have two, hair-like flagella. Some are also highly
bioluminescent. Harmful algal blooms (HAB'S)
Red Tides - Answer-Occur when there is a surplus of dinoflagellates.
Coccolithophores - Answer-Small, found in tropical waters. Made out of calcium
carbonate, can sometimes be seen from space during blooms. They create the base of
the food web.
Zooplankton - Answer-Heterotrophic. Organisms that eat phytoplankton, also includes
floating larvae of invertebrate and vertebrate ocean creatures.
Protozoa - Answer-All single-celled zooplankton, often have a shell.
Cnidaria - Answer-Jellyfish and related forms. Holoplankton. Radial symmetry
Medusa Cnidaria - Answer-Tentacles go down, jellyfish
Pollup Cnidaria - Answer-Tentacles go up, corals
Nematocusts - Answer-Cnidaria use these stinging cells to protect themselves.
Annelida - Answer-Multi-cellular worm larvae, meroplankton, multi-segmented bodies,
many feet with tiny hairs, long hairs around head. Bilateral symmetry.
Athropoda - Answer-Crustaceans. Multi-cellular holoplanton and meroplankton.
Exoskeleton, jointed arms and legs.
Mollusca - Answer-Veliger larvae of marine snails and small clam larvae with shells,
meroplankton. Also includes adult snails and clams.
Echinodermata - Answer-Pluteus larvae of sea urchins and sea stars, multicellular,
large meroplankton. Also includes adult sea urchins, sea stars, and sea cucumbers.
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