Marine Science II Final Exam Questions with Latest Update
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Course
Marine Science
Institution
Marine Science
What is the defining characteristic of a transform fault?
a. Two plates collide
b. one plate is subducted under another
c. plates are moving apart
d. two plates are sliding past each other - Answer-d. two plates are sliding past each other
What are present day processes that maintain salini...
Marine Science II Final Exam Questions
with Latest Update
What is the defining characteristic of a transform fault?
a. Two plates collide
b. one plate is subducted under another
c. plates are moving apart
d. two plates are sliding past each other - Answer-d. two plates are sliding past each
other
What are present day processes that maintain salinity in the ocean?
a. Evaporation
b. Aeolian transport
c. river inputs
d. all of the above - Answer-d. all of the above
What is the main element used by diatoms that contribute to biogenous sediments?
a. Manganese
b. Silica
c. Calcium
d. Iron - Answer-b. Silica
What are modern methods for measuring seafloor depth?
a. Sidescan Sonar
b. Satellite Altimetry
c. Soundings with heavy weights
d. Visual distance to the sea floor
e. A and B - Answer-e. A and B
5. Which one of the following is NOT true of active continental margins?
A. Have transform faults
B. Occur on the east coast of the U.S.
C. Less common than passive margins
D. Has linear islands, banks, and deep basins close to shore - Answer-B. Occur on the
east coast of the U.S.
6. Which sediment type has the smallest grain size?
A. Clay
B. Boulder
C. Silt
D. Sand - Answer-A. Clay
7. What percentage of the Earth's surface is below sea level
A. 10%
,B. 29.2%
C. 70.8%
D. 100% - Answer-C. 70.8%
8. In the paper we read by Sulpis et al. (2018), they calculated that the calcite
compensation depth (CCD) has risen by about 300 meters in the N. Atlantic from pre-
industrial times to the present day. What was the mechanism for change in CCD?
A. Dissolution of calcite due to anthropogenic CO2 emissions, which causes ocean
acidification (reduced pH) B. Precipitation of calcite due to increased Ca and CO3 ions
C. Reduction in the sedimentation rate of calcium carbonate from surface waters
D. Increased benthic respiration that increases CO2 in the water - Answer-A.
Dissolution of calcite due to anthropogenic CO2 emissions, which causes ocean
acidification (reduced pH)
9. The life cycle of ocean basins is described by embryonic, juvenile, mature, declining,
terminal, and suturing stages. What is the name of this cycle of stages?
A. Niskin cycle
B. Hess cycle
C. Wilson cycle
D. Darwin cycle - Answer-C. Wilson cycle
10. Lithogenous sediments are primarily composed of which mineral?
A. Granite
B. Quartz
C. Fossils
D. Manganese - Answer-B. Quartz
11. How do divergent plates move in relation to one another?
A. One plate subducts under the other B. Plates move away from each other
C. Plates slide past each other
D. Plates are colliding - Answer-B. Plates move away from each other
12. According to Van Dover et al. (2002), which of the following promote long-distance
transfer of larvae across widespread hydrothermal vent systems? A. Deep water ocean
currents
B. Large scale seafloor faults and fracture systems
C. Whale falls
D. All of the above - Answer-D. All of the above
13. How do plate tectonics help to explain why some seamounts have shallow water
deposits on their surface despite being in very deep water?
A. Earthquakes destroy the deeper portions of seamounts
B. Plate motion around spreading centers moves shallow seamounts to deep water
C. Plate subduction destroys deeper seamounts
D. None of the above - Answer-B. Plate motion around spreading centers moves
shallow seamounts to deep water
, 14. Sea floor spreading occurs due to which of the following processes
A. Subduction of ocean plates
B. Mantle convection cells promote rifting and spreading of ocean crust
C. Turbidity currents
D. Glacial and interglacial periods - Answer-B. Mantle convection cells promote rifting
and spreading of ocean crust
15. Magnetic striping patterns of sediment on the seafloor were important evidence for
plate tectonic theory and sea floor spreading. What causes the striping patterns?
A. Biogenous sediment formation
B. Underwater earthquakes
C. Transform faults
D. Periodic switching of the Earth's magnetic poles - Answer-D. Periodic switching of
the Earth's magnetic poles
16. Which of the following provide evidence for plate tectonics?
A. Shape of the continents
B. Satellite measurements
C. Fossil distributions
D. Seafloor magnetic striping
E. All of these provide evidence - Answer-E. All of these provide evidence
17. Using the principles of stratigraphy, which sediment layer in the diagram below is
the youngest?
A. Red, diagonal layer intersecting other three layers
B. Purple, at the top
C. Orange, in the middle
D. Green, at the bottom - Answer-A. Red, diagonal layer intersecting other three layers
18. Why is the ocean salty?
A. Quick soak theory: Early ocean was hot and acidic and leached major ions from
rocks
B. The ocean salt is simply due to the balance of river inputs and evaporation C. A
comet full of salt fell into the ocean D. Ancient stromatolites made the ocean salty -
Answer-A. Quick soak theory: Early ocean was hot and acidic and leached major ions
from rocks
19. Continental crust floats highest on the lithosphere because:
A. It is composed of basalt with a density of 3.0 g/cm3
B. It is composed of granite with a density of 2.7 g/cm3 - Answer-B. It is composed of
granite with a density of 2.7 g/cm3
20. From highest to lowest temperature, what is the correct order of vents?
A. Black smoker, white smoker, warm water
B. White smoker, warm water, black smoker
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