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Résumé Cours de Hematologie
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COURS DE HEMATOLOGIES DES DIFFERENT CHAPITRE POUR PASSERLE BTS -ABM :
Le sange
● Fonctions : Transport de l'oxygène et des nutriments, régulation de la température, défense
immunitaire.
● Composants :
○ Globules rouges (érythrocytes) : Transportent l'oxygène grâce à l'hémoglobine.
○ Globules blancs (leucocytes) : Impliqués dans la défense immunitaire.
○ Plaquettes (thrombocytes) : Essentielles pour la coagulation.
○ Plasma : Liquide dans lequel circulent les cellules sanguines.
2. Hémogramme
● Analyse : Numération des éléments figurés (GB, GR, plaquettes), indices érythrocytaires (MCV,
MCH).
● Interprétation : Identification des anomalies (anémies, leucocytoses, thrombocytopénies).
3. Pathologies Hématologiques
● Anémies :
○ Ferro-élastique : Manque de fer.
○ Mégaloblastique : Déficit en vitamine B12 ou acide folique.
○ Hémolytique : Destruction excessive des GR.
● Leucémies :
○ Aiguës : Prolifération rapide de cellules immatures (LAL, LAM).
○ Chroniques : Développement lent (LPC, LMC).
● Troubles de la coagulation :
○ Hémophilie : Maladie génétique liée à des facteurs de coagulation.
○ Thrombose : Formation de caillots inappropriés.
4. Techniques de Laboratoire
● Prélèvements : Techniques stériles, conservation des échantillons.
● Examens :
○ Frottis sanguins : Évaluation microscopique.
○ Tests de coagulation : Taux de prothrombine, INR.
5. Pharmacologie en Hématologie
● Anticoagulants : Warfarine, héparine.
● Chimiothérapie : Agents ciblant les cellules cancéreuses dans les leucémies.
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