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Summary Ecology Key Terms

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  • Course
  • Biology
  • Institution
  • Freshman / 9th Grade

This is a summary of the ecology key terms for freshman high school students. It's detailed and extremely thorough. It helped earn me an A+ in my ecology unit.

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  • September 23, 2024
  • 5
  • 2024/2025
  • Summary
  • Freshman / 9th grade
  • Biology
  • 1
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hannahmarkopoulos
‭Ecology Key Terms‬

‭ cology: study of the interactions between organisms and the nonliving components of their‬
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‭environment‬

‭Biosphere: the portion of the Earth (air, water, and land) where living things exist‬

‭Biotic: living things that shape or affect an ecosystem‬

‭Abiotic: non-living things or factors that shape or affect an ecosystem‬

‭Ecosystem: all organisms and the nonliving environment in a defined area‬

‭Population: all the members of the same species that live in a defined area at one time‬

‭Organism: the simplest level of organization in ecology; a living thing‬

‭ iome: ecosystems that are identified by their climax communities within a large geographical area‬
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‭having similar plants and animals as well as consistent climate‬

‭ errestrial biomes: biomes that cover land masses Aquatic biomes: biomes that are based within‬
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‭fresh or saltwater‬

‭ cosystem Ecology Habitat: a description of the physical location of a population or community of‬
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‭organisms‬

‭ iche: a role or profession of an organism in its community and in ecology; includes its habitat‬
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‭combined with its behavior in that environment (i.e., range of conditions tolerated, methods of‬
‭obtaining resources, number of offspring, time of reproduction, and all other environmental‬
‭interactions for the organism)‬

‭ undamental niche: the range of conditions that a species can potentially tolerate and the range of‬
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‭resources it can potentially use‬

‭ ealized niche: the range of resources a species actually uses; this may vary based on competition or‬
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‭other interactions‬

‭ hotoautotrophs: producers; green plants, algae, or cyanobacteria that convert light energy into food‬
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‭that can be consumed via photosynthesis‬

‭ hemoautotrophs: organisms that get their energy by consuming inorganic molecules (example:‬
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‭bacteria in sulfur springs or on hydrothermal vents)‬
‭Heterotrophs: consumers; obtain energy from food that they take into their bodies‬
‭Food chain: a simple model that scientists use to show how matter and energy move through an‬
‭ecosystem; arrows in a food chain move in the direction of energy flow‬
‭Herbivores: consumers that feed directly on producers‬
‭Carnivores: consumers that feed directly on producers‬

, ‭ mnivores: consumers that eat both plants and animals; include humans, bears, raccoons, robins,‬
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‭etc.‬

‭ ecomposers: saprotrophs; heterotroph consumers that get their energy by breaking down dead‬
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‭organisms without ingesting them‬

‭ rophic level: the position that an organism occupies in a food chain (example: primary consumers)‬
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‭Primary consumers: producers that use light directly‬

‭Secondary consumers: herbivores that feed directly on plants‬

‭Tertiary consumers: carnivores that feed on herbivores or other carnivores‬

‭ ood web: a model that expresses all possible feeding relationships at each trophic level in a‬
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‭community‬

‭ iomass: the amount of dried, organic material in an organism Ecological pyramids: illustrate the‬
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‭flow of energy, biomass, or numbers at each trophic level in an ecosystem; the highest level is the top‬
‭of the food chain‬

‭Pyramid of energy: illustrates the energy decrease at each trophic level‬

‭Pyramid of numbers: illustrates the population size at each trophic level‬

‭Pyramid of biomass: illustrates the biomass of living material at each trophic level‬

‭Primary productivity: the total amount of matter made by producers within an ecosystem‬

‭ ater (hydrologic) cycle: the movement of water between different reservoirs on the earth,‬
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‭underground and in the atmosphere‬

‭Evaporation: process of liquid converting to the gaseous state‬

‭Transpiration: loss of water through stomata underneath leaves‬

‭Condensation: transition from a gas to a liquid as vapor condenses‬

‭Precipitation: the falling to earth of any form of water (rain, snow, hail, sleet, or mist)‬

‭Runoff: precipitation that is not absorbed or used which flows into lakes, etc.‬

‭Groundwater: water below the surface of the soil, between soil pores, and in rock spaces‬

‭ arbon cycle: process by which carbon in cycled through the biotic and abiotic environment in‬
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‭various chemical forms‬

‭Photosynthesis: process of converting light energy, carbon dioxide, and water into sugar and oxygen‬

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