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Summary AP World History - Unit One
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This is a summary of all the Heimler History Unit One videos. This is what I used to study for the AP Exam in May, and I received a 5 on my AP Exam!
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This unit focuses on the period 1200-1450 and the civilizations around the world in this timeState - a territory that is politically organized under a single government
○ The Song Dynasty
■ how did they maintain and justify their rule → how did they run their state and stay in charge
■ emphasizing Confucianism - carried over a revival from the Tang
➢ this revival was neo-Confucianism (sought to rid prior Buddhist influences)
➢ Confucianism said that society was hierarchical - prescribed and proper order to everything
which harmonized with filial piety
■ women were subordinate to men - stripped of legal rights, social restrictions, limited
education, foot binding for elites, etc.
■ they also expanded the imperial bureaucracy (a hierarchical government that carries out the
will of the emperor)
➢ civil service examinations were adopted, making the bureaucracy based on MERIT (but
wealth greatly helped so not really)
They also influenced Korea, Japan, and Vietnam - Korea used a similar civil service
examination and adopted Buddhism
Buddhism in Song China (though it spread long before their power)
● centered on the four noble truths - life is suffering, we suffer because we crave, we
cease suffering when we cease craving, the eightfold path leads to the cessation of both
suffering and craving
○ shared some beliefs with hinduism - cycle of birth and death and reincarnation,
ultimate goal of dissolving into the oneness of the universe
● new branches were also formed as it changed and adapted
○ Theravada Buddhism
■ Sri Lanka
■ regular humans (outside the monastery) were too occupied with the world
to achieve nirvana
○ Mahayana Buddhism
■ East Asian
■ broader participation in Buddhist practices
■ Bodhisattvas (those who achieved enlightenment) helped others
Economy - they inherited the prosperity and population growth from the Tang and Sui and
continued to grow
■ commercialization of the economy
➢ manufacturers and artisans began to produce more goods than they consumed
➢ sold excess goods in markets in China and across Eurasia - silk and porcelain
■ agricultural innovation
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