NURS 307 Integrating Mental Health and Addiction into Nursing(400+ Q&As)
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NURS 307 Integrating Mental Health and Addiction into Nursing(400+ Q&As)/NURS 307 Integrating Mental Health and Addiction into Nursing(400+ Q&As)/NURS 307 Integrating Mental Health and Addiction into Nursing(400+ Q&As)
NURS 307 Integrating Mental Health and
Addiction into Nursing
What does carrier proteins do? - correct answer They transport neurotransmitters across cell
membranes. Medications may block or inhibit this transport.
What is psychopharmacology? - correct answer - Subspecialty of pharmacology that includes
medications affecting the brain and behaviour used to treat psychiatric disorders including:
~ Antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, antidepressants,
antianxiety medications, stimulants
- It provides a basis for understanding specific biologic treatments of psychiatric disorders
What are the four sites of action? Or, what are the targets of medications? - correct answer -
Receptors
- Ion channels
- Enzymes
- Carrier proteins
What are the two types of action in receptors? - correct answer Agonist - same biologic action
Antagonist - opposite effect
What are the interactions with a receptor? - correct answer Selectivity: specific for a receptor
Affinity: degree of attraction
Intrinsic activity: ability to produce a biologic response once it is attached to receptor
Which drug facilitates GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) neurotransmitter in opening the
chloride ion channel? - correct answer Benzodiazepine
What are enzymes - correct answer - These catalyze specific biochemical reactions within cells
and are targets for some drugs.
,NURS 307 Integrating Mental Health and
Addiction into Nursing
Ex) Monamine oxidase
- These may be inhibited to produce greater neurotransmitter effect by medications from a
group of antidepressants.
What is monoamine oxidase? - correct answer It is an enzyme that breaks down most
bioamine neurotransmitters such as Norephinephrine, DA, and 5-HT (these neurotransmitters
are important in mental health disorders)
What are carrier proteins? - correct answer They transport neurotransmitters across cell
membranes. Medications may block or inhibit this transport.
What is the efficacy of a drug? - correct answer Efficacy is the maximum response achievable
from a drug. Effectiveness refers to the ability of the drug to produce a beneficial effect.
What is the potency of a drug? - correct answer A highly potent drug (e.g., fentanyl,
alprazolam, risperidone) evokes a given response at low concentrations, while a drug of lower
potency (meperidine, diazepam, ziprasidone) evokes the same response only at higher
concentrations. Higher potency does not necessarily mean more side effects.
What are target symptoms? - correct answer measurable, specific symptoms expected to
improve with treatment
What is drug toxicity? - correct answer Drug level exceeds therapeutic range
What is therapeutic index? - correct answer Ratio of a drug's toxic level to the level that
provides therapeutic benefits. High is safer than low.
What are the four components of pharmacokinetics? - correct answer absorption, distribution,
metabolism, excretion
,NURS 307 Integrating Mental Health and
Addiction into Nursing
What is absorption? - correct answer - Movement from the site of administration into the
plasma
What are the 3 forms of absorption? - correct answer Oral (tablet and liquid) - decreased
absorption
IM (intramuscular injection): short and long acting-schizophrenia
IV: rarely used
What is Bioavailability? - correct answer - A measure of the extent of drug absorption for a
given drug and route (from 0% to 100%).
- Amount of a drug that reaches systemic circulation unchanged
- Often used to compare one drug to another--usually the higher the bioavailability, the better
What is distribution? - correct answer - transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its site of
action
- It reflects how easy it is for a drug to pass out of the systemic circulation and move into other
types of tissues
How are psychiatric drugs distributed? - correct answer The blood brain barrier (most fat-
soluble)
Factors affecting distribution - correct answer - Amount of blood flow or perfusion within the
tissue
- How lipophilic (fat-loving) the drug is (easier to pass through BBB)
- Anatomic barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier, that the drug must cross
, NURS 307 Integrating Mental Health and
Addiction into Nursing
Metabolism - correct answer Process by which the drug is altered and broken down into
smaller substances (metabolites) that are usually inactive
Which organ is where most metabolism occurs? - correct answer Liver
What is excretion? - correct answer The elimination of drugs from the body either unchanged
or as metabolites. It is portrayed as half-life (t1/2)
Dosing - correct answer Administration of medication over time, so that therapeutic levels can
be achieved.
Steady State - correct answer It is when drug accumulates and plateaus at a particular level.
What is the rate of accumulation in steady state determined by? - correct answer Half-life
When is steady state achieved? - correct answer - when the rate of drug input is equal to the
rate of drug elimination
- about 5 half lives (5x the elimination half-life for a drug after a regular dosing started)
What are the two individual variation in drug effects? - correct answer Age and Ethnicity
(genetic makeup)
How does age influence drug effects? - correct answer - there is an alteration in gastric
absorption
- renal function is altered in very young and old
- liver metabolism decreases with age
What are the 4 phases of drug treatment? - correct answer 1) initiation - long acting IM?
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