Biology 1100 Exam 2 Practice Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
ECU BIO 1100
Institution
ECU BIO 1100
Macromolecule A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules
Polymer A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.
Monomer A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers
Enzymes Catalysts for chemical reactions in living...
Biology 1100 Exam 2 Practice Questions
and Correct Answers
Macromolecule ✅A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules
Polymer ✅A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked
together.
Monomer ✅A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers
Enzymes ✅Catalysts for chemical reactions in living things
Dehydration reaction ✅A chemical reaction in which molecules combine by removing
water
Hydrolysis ✅Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water
Carbohydrates ✅Broken down to glucose to provide energy.
Monosaccharides ✅Single sugar molecules
Disaccharide ✅A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by
dehydration synthesis.
Glycosidic linkage ✅A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a
dehydration reaction.
Polysaccaride ✅Large macromolecules formed from chains of monosaccarides.
Starch ✅A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.
Glycogen ✅An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver
and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.
Cellulose ✅A substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of many
organisms
Lipids ✅Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made
of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Chitin ✅Polysaccharide found in arthropod exoskeletons and fungal cell walls.
, Fat ✅A large lipid molecule made from an alcohol called glycerol and three fatty acids;
a triglyceride. Most fats function as energy-storage molecules.
Fatty acid ✅hydrocarbon chain often bonded to glycerol in a lipid
Triacylglycerol ✅A lipid consisting of three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule;
also called a fat or triglyceride.
Saturated fatty acid ✅A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are
connected by single bonds, thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can
attach to the carbon skeleton.
Unsaturated fatty acid ✅A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between
the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen
atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.
Transfats ✅the result of hydrogen of unsaturated fats. They are more harmful than
saturated fats
Phospholipid ✅a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in
cell membranes
Cholesterol ✅A type of fat made by the body from saturated fat; a minor part of fat in
foods.
Steroids ✅lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings
Catalysts ✅Chemical agents that selectively speed up chemical reactions without
being consumed by the reaction.
Protein ✅a class of nutrients that builds body tissues and supplies energy. Protein is
made of amino acids.
Polypeptide ✅A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide
bonds.
Amino acid ✅Building blocks of protein
Peptide bond ✅The chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one
amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid
Denaturation ✅loss of normal shape of a protein due to heat or other factor
Gene ✅A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
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