BIOLOGY 1100 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
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Course
ECU BIO 1100
Institution
ECU BIO 1100
Three functions of cell division -reproduction -growth and development -tissue renewal
Chromosomes threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes
Somatic cells all body cells except the reproductive cells
Gametes reproductive cells, have only half the number of chromosomes as...
BIOLOGY 1100 FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Three functions of cell division ✅-reproduction
-growth and development
-tissue renewal
Chromosomes ✅threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes
Somatic cells ✅all body cells except the reproductive cells
Gametes ✅reproductive cells, have only half the number of chromosomes as body
cells
Haploid ✅of a cell or organism having a single set of chromosomes
Histomes ✅the protein that the DNA strands winds up around
Chromatin ✅long strands of DNA found in the eukaryotic cell nucleus; condense to
form chromosomes
Centromeres ✅area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached; forming an
X shape
Sister chromatids ✅two daughter strands of a replicated chromosome joined at the
middle by a centromere; happens in prophase
Mitosis ✅cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same
number of chromosomes
5 stages of mitosis: ✅prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Cytokenesis ✅the division of the cytoplasm during the proceses of cell division; well
underway by late telophase
Interphase ✅takes up 90% of cell cycle; period of the cell cycle between cell divisions;
46 chromosomes
Centrosome ✅Material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells, important
during cell division; the microtubule-organizing center.
, Prophase ✅first and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become
visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the
nucleus; chromosomes double to 92
Mitotic spindles ✅microtubules that come out during mitosis, begins at the centrosome
Prometaphase ✅The second stage of mitosis, in which discrete chromosomes
consisting of identical sister chromatids appear, the nuclear envelope fragments, and
the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.
Metaphase ✅second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across
the center of the cell
Anaphase ✅the third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate
and move toward opposite poles
Telophase ✅last phase of mitosis, chromosome are in two new cells and nuclear
membranes start to reform
Binary fission ✅type of asexual reproduction in which an organism replicates its DNA
and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells
What are the checkpoints for? ✅The cell must go through a checkpoint in order to
divide. If cells were able to divide uncontrollably they would create a tumor.
Carcinogens ✅cancer causing chemicals; mutates gene that controls cell cycle
Genes ✅sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
Locus ✅the specific site of a particular gene on its chromosome
Meiosis ✅a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes
decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in
the production of sex cells
Diploid ✅term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous
chromosomes; 46 total- 23 pair
Interphase (meiosis) ✅chromosomes duplicate
Meiosis I ✅separates homologous chromosomes
Meiosis II ✅separates sister chromatids
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