Definition 5 of 33
Prohibit requirements that employees join or pay money to a union as a condition of
employment
Remedies vary: some provide for civil enforcement with damages and injunctive relief; some
provide for criminal penalties in addition or instead
Closed shop
Right to work laws
Job transfers to other countries
Open shop
Definition 6 of 33
Adjusted annually by the president
Locality pay adjustment
Equal pay for jobs of comparable worth
Union shop
Pay equity
Comparable pay
Equal pay
,Definition 7 of 33
System creates strong incentives for grade creep
Federal workforce has changed, makes it difficult to keep system up to date
Reform
Position classification
Written descriptions rarely match actual jobs
Right to work laws
Definition 8 of 33
Assembled examination
Grigg vs. Duke power: disparate impact theory
Civil service principle
Job specialization
Hiring by merit
General schedule category of work
Definition 9 of 33
Employment system used by democratic governments to minimize political tinkering with the
administrative process
Caste System
Merit System
Civil Service System
Spoils System
, Definition 10 of 33
government offers cash incentives to employees who agree to leave government employment
Compensation
Buyouts
Buy-ins
Grade Creep
Definition 11 of 33
Preference over equally qualified white males is given to minorities, women, and disabled
applicants
All applicants are treated equally regardless of their background or status
Veteran receive a five point bonus in the federal system; if they are disabled they get a
ten point bonus
Only women receive special consideration in hiring processes
Minorities are given priority over all other applicants without any qualifications
Definition 12 of 33
Each position is identified in terms of the special knowledge the job requires, its level of
difficulty, and the responsibilities the come with it.
Position classification
Grade creep
Compensation
Rational decision-making model
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