BIOLOGY 1100 MIDTERM 1 EXAM QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
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ECU BIO 1100
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ECU BIO 1100
Buffer A chemical that resists changes in pH
Denature to permanently change the three structure of a protein
Lipids a class of molecules that includes neutral fats and steroids
Macromolecule a large molecule made by joining together smaller identical (or similar) molecules
Quaternary Structure ...
BIOLOGY 1100 MIDTERM 1 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
Buffer ✅A chemical that resists changes in pH
Denature ✅to permanently change the three structure of a protein
Lipids ✅a class of molecules that includes neutral fats and steroids
Macromolecule ✅a large molecule made by joining together smaller identical (or
similar) molecules
Quaternary Structure ✅two or more polypeptide chains coming together and bonding
with each other
Nucleic Acid ✅molecules that store genetic information (e.g. DNA and RNA)
Carbohydrate ✅large organic molecule formed from a chain or chains of amino acids
(double check)
lipid bilayer (double check) ✅an important component of cell membranes, has a
hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail (double check)
Glucose (double check) ✅a 6 carbon sugar that forms a 6-membered ring -- used as
energy source by cells (double check)
Glycerol (double check) ✅three carbon compound that joins with fatty acids to produce
triglycerides (double check)
Enzymes (double check) ✅Biological catalyst, composed of protein, that speed up the
chemical reactions (double check)
Amino Acids (double check) ✅the building block of protein-- there are 20 different
kinds normally found in nature (double check)
Monosaccharides ✅any molecule with the molecular formula Cn(H2O)n
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) ✅ATP - the molecule that carries energy in the cell
Phospholipids (double check) ✅a lipid that is an important component of the cell
membranes and from which steroid hormones are made (double check)
, Peptide Bond ✅the bond that forms between two amino acids joined by dehydration
synthesis
Hydrophilic ✅Water - Loving
Hydrophobic ✅Water - Fearing
DNA Molecule ✅the subunit that make up nucleic acids - 4 types in DNA are Adenine,
Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine
Atom ✅The smallest unit of matter that cannot normally be broken into smaller
particles
Hydrogen Bond ✅a weak bond due to the attraction between partial charges on
hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms
Secondary Structure ✅the loose association of amino acids in a polypeptide chain with
each other, usually through hydrogen bonds (e.g. alpha helix, beta pleated sheet
Primary Structure ✅the linear sequence of amino acids in a protein, which ultimately
determines its shape
Dehydration Synthesis ✅creating a bond between two atoms by taking OH from one
atom and H from each other
Tertiary Structure ✅the 3-D shape of a polypeptide chain due to it folding back on itself
and forming bonds
Hydrolysis ✅breaking a bond between two atoms by adding OH to one atom and H to
the other
Cellulose ✅a polymer of glucose, used as a structural components of plant cell walls
Glycogen ✅a polymer of glucose, used as storage form of glucose in animals
Starch ✅a polymer of glucose, used as storage form of glucose in plants
Cholesterol ✅A lipid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and
acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.
Transporters ✅mechanisms in the membrane of a cell that actively transport ions or
molecules across the membrane through either channels or carriers composed of
proteins
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