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NURS 8024 Pharm Test 3 Pt. 1: Questions & Solutions
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NURS 8024 Pharm Test 3 Pt. 1: Questions & Solutions
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NURS 8024 Pharm Test 3 Pt. 1: Questions & SolutionsNarrow spectrum Right Ans - act on a single or limited group of pathogens
Extended-spectrum Right Ans - "Efficacy against large numbers of gram
positive / gram negative organisms"
Broad-spectrum Right Ans - *empiric-presumptive therapy
*effective against "broad spectrum" of microbes
*unknown pathogen-possible life threatening infection
*risk for super infections
Drug entry affected by multiple factors: Right Ans - 1. lipid solubility
2. protein binding
3. molecular weight
4. inflammation
Susceptibility testing Right Ans - -guides antimicrobial therapy
-zone of inhibition
-predicts minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC); estimate of the drug
sensitivity of pathogens
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) Right Ans - Interpretation
categorizes result as Susceptible, Intermediate, Resistant
Susceptible (S) Right Ans - bacterial strain susceptible when pathogen
inhibited in vitro by a concentration of drug associated with a high likelihood
of therapeutic success
Intermediate (I) Right Ans - Sensitivity termed intermediate when
concentration of drug associated with uncertain therapeutic effect
Resistant (R) Right Ans - bacterial strain considered resistant when
concentration of the drug associated with a high likelihood of therapeutic
failure
Bacteriostatic Right Ans - -inhibits growth or multiplication of bacteria
-limits spread of infection - enables immune system to effectively attack
pathogen
, Bactericidal Right Ans - -kills bacteria
-total number of viable organisms decreases
Concentration-dependent killing Right Ans - -increase kill rate with
increase concentration
-once daily dose
-aminoglycosides, quinolones
Time-dependent killing Right Ans - • bactericidal activity dependent on
time serum concentration ↑ MBC predicts efficacy
• AUC / MIC ratio
• More frequent dosing
• β lactams, macrolides, vancomycin
Beta lactams (PCN, cephalosporins, and Vanc) Right Ans - Inhibitor of cell
wall synthesis
Tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, macrolides Right Ans - Inhibitor of protein
synthesis
MOA of fluoroquinolones Right Ans - Inhibitor of nucleic acid function or
synthesis
Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim Right Ans - Inhibitors of metabolism
Beta-lactam antibiotics Right Ans - -inhibit cell wall synthesis
-bactericidal
-V common Rx
Beta-lactam pharmacokinetics Right Ans - -Time dependent killing
-short half life
-IV: 100% bioavailability
-PO: variable absorption rate and degree affected by FOOD
What Beta-lactams can penetrate the CSF? Right Ans - -3rd and 4th
generation cephalosporins, aztreonam, meropenem, (parenteral)
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