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Emergency Medical Responder Exam Questions and Answers
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Emergency Medical Responder Exam Questions and Answers
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Emergency Medical Responder ExamQuestions and Answers
What are the 6 R's 3 C's and an E - Answer -6 R's
Right patient
Right Medication
Right time
Right dose
Right route at the right site
Right Documentation
3 C's and an E
Colour
Clarity
Concentration
Expiry date
Clearing the Airway - Answer -Adult 15 secs at a time
Child 10 seconds at a time
Infant 5 seconds at a time
Normal Breathing Rates - Answer -Adult 10 to 20 (puberty and up)
Child 15 to 30 (1 to the onset of puberty)
Infant 25 to 50 (0-1)
Neonate 30-60 (24 hours old)
NOTE: if not taking an accurate count the breathing rate can be described as
Regular
Irregular
Rapid (Tachypnea)
Slow (Bradypnea)
Not breathing: Apneac
,Breathing Quality (Depth)
Shallow
Deep
Laboured
Gasping
Inadequate Breathing Rates - Answer -Adult under 8 b/min, over 28 b/min (important for
ACP)
Child under 10 b/min
Infant under 20 b/min
neonate under 30 b/min
ATTEMPT TO VENTILATE!
Artificial Ventilation - Answer -Adult 1 every 5 seconds (24 for 2 min cycle)
Child 1 every 3 seconds (40 for 2 min cycle)
Infant 1 every 3 seconds (40 for 2 min cycle)
Neonate 1 every 1-1.5 seconds
ACP: if doing CPR while patient is intubated ventilation rate become 1 breath every 6-8
seconds (all age groups).
Oxygen Mask (Concentration & LPM) - Answer -Supplemental Masks (Demand Masks):
Nasal Cannula (low flow): Concentration of 24-44% = 2-6 LPM
Simple Face Mask (post seizure or after faint): Concentration of 35-50% = 6-10 LPM
Non Rebreather (high flow): Concentration of 60-90% = 10-15 LPM
Ventilation Devices:
Pocket Mask/O2: Concentration of 50-60% = 15 LPM
Bag valve Mask: Concentration of 90-100% = 15 LPM
Pulse Rates - Answer -Adults 60-100 (av. 72) can be lower in athletes and older
persons
Children 80-120
Infants 100-160
NOTE: if an accurate count is not taken, the pulse can be described as
Regular: a normal pulse occurring at regular intervals
, Irregular: Intervals between beats are irregular
Rapid: Faster than normal rates (Tachy - anything over 100 in adults)
Slow: slower than normal rates (Brady - anything below 60 in adults)
Strong: full and normally strong
Weak: may be difficult to find and palpate
Bounding: abnormally strong
Thready: Rapid and wear, and so rapid and so wear it feels like a thread being pulled
under your finger (Some EMTs: feels like squishing a bug under your finger)
Critical Blood Loss - Answer -Adult = 1 litre
Child = 500 mls
Infant = 100 mls
CPR Compression depth - Answer -Infant = 1/3 -1/2 depth of chest
Child = 1/3 - 1/2 depth of chest
Adult = 1 1/2 -2 inches
CPR Compression: Ventilation Rates - Answer -One rescuer
Adult 30:2
Child 30:2
Infant 30:2
Two Rescuer
Adult 30:2
Child 15:2
Infant 15:2
if doing CPR while patient is intubated ventilation rate become 1 breath every 6-8
seconds (all age groups).
Signs and Symptoms of Shock - Answer -restlessness and anxiety
Pallor or blue-grey colour to the skin
Cold, clammy skin
Weak, rapid pulse
shallow rapid respiration
Thirst
Nausea and vomiting
Changes in the LOC
Cyanosis
Blood pressure drops gradually (late sign) [in shock BP will stay in ranges for long time
and then they drop off - unless it is internal bleeding or pulmonary embolism]
Vital/Diagnostic Signs - Answer -LOC - GCS
Skin
, Pupils
Airway
Breathing
Pulse
BP
SPO2
BGL
Normal Blood Pressure - Answer -Adult Male = Age + 100 to a max of 150
Adult Female = Age + 90 to a max of 140
Child = 2x age + 80 up to age 12
Diastolic Normal: from 60 to 96 for everyone
Point spread should be between 20 to 40 points.
Palpated = Done without a stethoscope and recorded when pulse returned, i.e. 80 palp
SpO2 Levels - Answer -An adequate reading would be 96-100%
93-95% Mild Hypoxia
90-92% Moderate Hypoxia
under 90% Severe Hypoxia
EMR Roles - Answer -Promote safety
Protect Your safety and the safety of your crew, bystanders, and patients
Gain access to the patient
Assess the patient to identify life threatening problems
Alert additional EMR resources- provide care based on assessment findings
Assist other EMS personnel
Participate in record keeping and data collection as required (PCRs = patient care
reports, take a look at these at some time during course in booklet)
Act as a liaison with other public safety workers
Responsibilities of an EMR - Answer -Guard your personal health and safety
Maintain a caring attitude
Maintain your own composure
Keep a neat, clean, professional appearance
Maintain up to date knowledge and skills
Maintain current knowledge of local, provincial and national issues affecting the EMS
system
Stress - Answer -Any change in the body's internal balance when outside demands are
greater than the body's resources
Techniques to help rescuers with high stress situations - Answer -Remember the patient
needs your skills
Gain control of your emotions
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