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CASAL 2 Exam: Questions & Detailed Solutions (Graded A+)
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CASAL 2 Exam: Questions & Detailed Solutions (Graded A+)
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CASAL 2 Exam: Questions & Detailed Solutions (GradedA+)
Hyponatremia Right Ans - Sodium serum level below 136. Fluid Overload,
Liver disease, adrenal insufficiency
Hypernatremia Right Ans - Sodium Serum level above 145. Fluid over load
and Kidney Disease
Hypokalemia Right Ans - Potassium level below 3.5. fluid overload; diuretic
therapy; alkalosis; insulin administration; hyperaldosteronism
Interventions for Hypokalemia Right Ans - Assess respiration status and
follow facilities cardiac monitoring protocol. Do not give IV potassium at a
rate higher than 20meq/hr. Never give IV push, IM, Subq. Check IV site every
hour if infusing.
Hyperkalemia Right Ans - Potassium level above 5.0. dehydration; kidney
disease; acidosis; adrenal insufficiency; crush injuries
Kyperkalemia Complications Right Ans - High potassium levels can cause
excitability in tissues, especially the heart. Cardiac dysrhythmias EKG wave
abnormalities tall T waves,Conduction delays
Hypocalcemia Right Ans - Calcium below 9.0. Use a lift sheet when moving
a patient
Hypercalcemia Right Ans - Calcium above 10.5
Patient education on fluids Right Ans - -Patients on digoxin or diuretics
measure pulse, rate, rhythm, and quality
-Encourage a min. of 3 liters of fluid a day unless restricted.
PACU Assessment Right Ans - Assessment data include level of
consciousness, temperature, pulse, respiration, oxygen saturation, and blood
pressure. Examine the surgical area for bleeding. Monitor vital signs as often
as your facility's policy states, the patient's condition warrants, and the
surgeon prescribes
, Vital Signs Post-Op Right Ans - Once the patient is discharged from the
PACU, vital signs are often measured every 15 minutes for four times, every
30 minutes for four times, every hour for four times, and then every 4 hours
for 24 to 48 hours if the patient's condition is stable.
Risks in Post-Op Period Right Ans - all patients remain at risk for
pneumonia, shock, cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, venous
thromboembolism (VTE), and GI bleeding.
Bradycardia Post-Op Right Ans - Could indicate an anesthesia effect or
hypothermia. Older patients are at risk for hypothermia because of age-
related changes in the hypothalamus (the temperature regulation center), low
levels of body fat, and coolness of the OR suite
Serosanguineous drainage continuing beyond the fifth day after surgery
Right Ans - Or increasing in amount instead of decreasing alerts you to the
possibility of dehiscence (discussed below), and the surgeon should be
notified. Sanguineous or Serosanguineous drainage the first few days is
normal,Large amounts of sanguineous drainage may indicate internal
bleeding
Right Ans - A diet high in protein, calories, and vitamin C promotes wound
healing. Supplemental vitamin C, iron, zinc, and other vitamins are often
prescribed after surgery to aid in wound healing and red blood cell formation.
I
Sodium Levels Right Ans - 136-145
Potassium Right Ans - 3.5-5.0
Calcium Levels Right Ans - 9.0-10.5
CL- Right Ans - 98-106
Elevated: Hyperchloremia; metabolic acidosis; respiratory alkalosis;
hypercortisolism Low: Hypochloremia; fluid overload; excessive vomiting or
diarrhea; adrenal insufficiency; diuretic therapy
Prehypertension Right Ans - 120-139 mm Hg 80-89 mm Hg
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