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WGU CASAL II 2024: Questions & Proper Solutions
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WGU CASAL II 2024: Questions & Proper Solutions
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WGU CASAL II 2024: Questions & Proper SolutionsAortic artery disease (aneurysms) Right Ans - M:ACE inhibitors,
angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), and/or beta blockers (hypertension)
macrolides and tetracyclines (secondary infect)
A: meds, bedrest w/ flat legs, reduce stress
A: neuro, vitals, pain, pulse, skin, temp, sensation or motor response, abd palp
and auscultate gently.
R:
P: middle layer (media) of the artery is weakened, producing a stretching
effect in the inner layer (intima) and outer layers of the artery
L:
O: saccular 1 side, fusiform- segment, false- leakage
T: regular screenin g and when to call, follow strict reg: Compliance with
medications, Stress reduction, Following diagnostic testing and screening
recommendations, Obtaining regular ultrasounds to measure the aneurysm's
growth
T: CT w/ contrast, TTE, Cardiac MRI, ECG (rule out MI)
T: endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), resection and repair
(aneurysmectomy)
S: often asymptomatic. chest, back, or flank pain. palatable in abd. Dsypnea
cough, hoarsenss of voice. cyanosis blood clots, abd throbbing, pain, HF.
Diaphoresis, nausea, vomiting, faintness, and tachycardia, tearing/ripping.
Coronary artery disease Right Ans - M: Betas blockers, Statin, Calcium,
asprin, Nitroglycerin, antiplatelets, ASA
A: oxygen, EEG.
A: drug use, pain, temp, hyper/hypotension, labs:
R: Smoking, hyper lipid/tension, dm2, obesity, stress, alcohol, gender, race,
DM1, age 65, hereditary.
P: arteries narrowed or blocked by plaque formation.
L: CK-MB troponin, BUN, Creatinine, Calcium, Lipids, Magnesium, Potassium.
O:
T: meds, Nitro, lower risks, when to call EMS
T: stress test, coronary angiography
T: Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, meds, diet and exercise.
S: shoulder, jaw pain, nausea/vomiting, diaphoresis, syncope, sob. heart
attack.
,Infectious heart disease Right Ans - M: antibiotics
A: administer antibiotics, refer to addiction counseling
A: drugs, vitals, heart sounds, skin assessment.
R: Age 60, immunodeficiency, prosthetic heart valves, endocarditis, congenital
heart disease, IV drugs.
P: Infection in heart> no bacterial thrombotic endocardial lesion> vegetation.
L: blood cultures.
O:
T: good oral hygine
T: ECG (TTE, TEE),
T: IV treatment 4-6 weeks. Surgery- Valve replacement or repair.
S: Fever, Petechiae, Fatigue, Confusion, Rigor.
Pericarditis Right Ans - M: NSAIDS, antimicrobial possibly
A: head of bed up, med reg, emotional support.
A: vitals, pain, heart sounds, ecg
R: microorganisms, renal failure, cardiac surg, aortic dissection, MI, trauma,
cancer.
P: Inflamed Peeicardium
L: serial cardiac enzymes, WBC count.
O: complications pericardiocentesis, 5 categories: inflammatory neoplastic
degenerative vascular and idiopathic.
T: meds reg, pleural pain
T: x-ray, TTE, CT, MRI, ECG wide ST.
T: nsaids, antimicrobials
S: Fever, Orthopnea, Diaphoresis, Pericardial Effusion, Pleuritic pain, ECG- ST
segment elevations.
Valvular disease Right Ans - M: beta blocker, calc chanel block, diuretics,
antimicrobial,
A: meds, fluid restrictions
A: vitals, irreg hr, cardiac output, breath sounds, activity tolerance, heart
sounds, monitor INR,l.
R: IE, Congenital defects, degenerative changes.
P: stenosis, regurgitation, prolapse.
L: n/a
O:
T: meds reg, antimicrobial treatment, anticoag, leefy greens.
T: ECG, EEG, X-RAY, Stress test, catheter.
, T: surgery, balloon valvuloplasty, commissurotomy, and mitral valve
annuloplasty.
S: SOB, angina, syncope, dysrhythmia, palpation, dizzy, fatigue, weight gain.
Heart Failure Right Ans - M: beta blockers, aldosterone agonists, diuretics,
cardiac glycosides, arterial vasodilator, angiotensin blockers/inhibitors.
A: meds reg, fluid restrictions, oxygen, daily weight.
A: vital, breath sounds, oxygen sat, irregular hr, CO probs, dry cough, activity
tolerance, urine output, lab data, mood, social support.
R: CAD, Hypertension/lipidemia, DM, obesity, alcohol, smoking, sodium.
P: cell dysfunction
L: cardiac enzymes, serum electrolytes, cbc, urinalysis, lipid profile, liver
function, serum electrolytes.
O:
T: med reg, rest& activity periods, low salt, reg weight, symptoms checklist.
T: x-ray, EEG, ecg, nuclear imaging
T: meds
S: R side: jugular vein distention, generalized edema, hepatomegaly, ascites. L
side: sob, crackles, fatigue, CO prob.
Stages of Heart Failure Right Ans - Class I: Client exhibits no symptoms
with activity.
Class II: Client has symptoms with ordinary exertion.
Class III: Client displays symptoms with minimal exertion
Class IV: Client has symptoms at rest.
ECG Right Ans - Electrocardiography, 10 leads placed on chest to identify
dysrhythmias, new or old heart muscle damage, electrolyte abnormalities,
and/or cardiac hypertrophy.
Note Heart Rate, Rhythm and Response. on strips.
Echocardiography Right Ans - transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) and a
transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE). ultrasound.
NPO 8 hours, assess vitals pre and post.
Cardiac catheterization Right Ans - Evaluate cardiac filling pressures, CO,
and valvular function.
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