Peds GU Disorders Practice Exam
Questions and Correct Answers
What is cryptorchidism? ✅undescended testicles
What is anorchism? ✅no testes; very rare
how do you determine undescended testes from the more common retracted testes?
✅retractile testes can be pushed back into scrotum, undescended cannot
How do you know if a baby has cryptorchidism? ✅the testes are not palpable
When are babies first assesed for cryptorchidism? ✅at birth
How is cryptorchidism diagnosed? ✅ultrasound/CT/MRI to find out where the testes
are
If testes do not descend, what is the child at risk for? ✅testicular cancer
Why is it essential for the testes to descend? ✅because sperm are unable to survive at
the high temps inside the body, they need to be outside to develop properly
What is the surgical treatment to correct cryptorchidism, and how is it done?
✅Orchiopexy, and the surgeon pulls the testes down through the abdomen into the
scrotum
At what age is Orchiopexy typically done? ✅between 6 and 24 months
What are some post-op nursing implications for orchiopexy? ✅- avoid pressure on
sutures
- don't put child on hip or on straddle toys for at least 2 weeks
- sponge bath for first two days after surgery, then normal baths
What is Hypospadias ✅incomplete dev of the urethra in utero where the urinary
meatus is on the underside of the penile shaft
what increases the risk of hypospadias? ✅if a father or sibling is affected
What does hypospadius increase the childs risk for? ✅inguinal hernia
what is an inguinal hernia? ✅bulging of portion of intestines or other structure through
a weakness in the abdominal wall
, when does the urethra develop in utero ✅9-12 weeks
What are some of the manifestations of hypospadius? ✅- ventral placement of urethral
opening
- altered urinary stream (dribbling)
- chordee
what is chordee? ✅Abnormal curvature of penis, sometimes occurs with hypospadias
What is the treatment needed for hypospadius? ✅surgery is needed because they will
be unable to have a proper erection later in life.
How is the surgery performed? ✅- cut the penile shaft from end to end
- lengthen the urethra
- reposition meatus to tip of penis
- reconstruct if there is chordee (might need to keep foreskin)
How is urinary output managed after the surgery for hypospasius? ✅- a catheter will
be placed so that urine will not be sitting in the diaper next to the sutures
At what point can the catheter be removed following the surgery for hypospadius? ✅7-
14 days post-op
At what age is the hypospadius surgery typically done? ✅6-12 months
What do you need to teach the parents regarding post op care after hypospadius
surgery? ✅- no tub baths until catheter is removed (7-14 days)
- no straddle toys or holding on hip for 4 weeks
- no sandboxes/swimming/rough activities
What is bladder extrophy? ✅failure of the abdominal wall to fuse in utero ,allowing the
bladder to be exposed outside of the body
What is bladder extrophy also associated with? ✅other anomalies such as shortened
penis and no vaginal opening
What are some of the manifestations of bladder extrophy? ✅- constant dribbling of
urine onto the skin
- skin excoriation from constant urine on skin
- infection/ulceration of bladder
What is the treatment of bladder extrophy? ✅- surgical closure of bladder in 1st 48 hrs
Questions and Correct Answers
What is cryptorchidism? ✅undescended testicles
What is anorchism? ✅no testes; very rare
how do you determine undescended testes from the more common retracted testes?
✅retractile testes can be pushed back into scrotum, undescended cannot
How do you know if a baby has cryptorchidism? ✅the testes are not palpable
When are babies first assesed for cryptorchidism? ✅at birth
How is cryptorchidism diagnosed? ✅ultrasound/CT/MRI to find out where the testes
are
If testes do not descend, what is the child at risk for? ✅testicular cancer
Why is it essential for the testes to descend? ✅because sperm are unable to survive at
the high temps inside the body, they need to be outside to develop properly
What is the surgical treatment to correct cryptorchidism, and how is it done?
✅Orchiopexy, and the surgeon pulls the testes down through the abdomen into the
scrotum
At what age is Orchiopexy typically done? ✅between 6 and 24 months
What are some post-op nursing implications for orchiopexy? ✅- avoid pressure on
sutures
- don't put child on hip or on straddle toys for at least 2 weeks
- sponge bath for first two days after surgery, then normal baths
What is Hypospadias ✅incomplete dev of the urethra in utero where the urinary
meatus is on the underside of the penile shaft
what increases the risk of hypospadias? ✅if a father or sibling is affected
What does hypospadius increase the childs risk for? ✅inguinal hernia
what is an inguinal hernia? ✅bulging of portion of intestines or other structure through
a weakness in the abdominal wall
, when does the urethra develop in utero ✅9-12 weeks
What are some of the manifestations of hypospadius? ✅- ventral placement of urethral
opening
- altered urinary stream (dribbling)
- chordee
what is chordee? ✅Abnormal curvature of penis, sometimes occurs with hypospadias
What is the treatment needed for hypospadius? ✅surgery is needed because they will
be unable to have a proper erection later in life.
How is the surgery performed? ✅- cut the penile shaft from end to end
- lengthen the urethra
- reposition meatus to tip of penis
- reconstruct if there is chordee (might need to keep foreskin)
How is urinary output managed after the surgery for hypospasius? ✅- a catheter will
be placed so that urine will not be sitting in the diaper next to the sutures
At what point can the catheter be removed following the surgery for hypospadius? ✅7-
14 days post-op
At what age is the hypospadius surgery typically done? ✅6-12 months
What do you need to teach the parents regarding post op care after hypospadius
surgery? ✅- no tub baths until catheter is removed (7-14 days)
- no straddle toys or holding on hip for 4 weeks
- no sandboxes/swimming/rough activities
What is bladder extrophy? ✅failure of the abdominal wall to fuse in utero ,allowing the
bladder to be exposed outside of the body
What is bladder extrophy also associated with? ✅other anomalies such as shortened
penis and no vaginal opening
What are some of the manifestations of bladder extrophy? ✅- constant dribbling of
urine onto the skin
- skin excoriation from constant urine on skin
- infection/ulceration of bladder
What is the treatment of bladder extrophy? ✅- surgical closure of bladder in 1st 48 hrs
