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NURB 3150- Antihypertensives (CHP 26) Study Set Exam
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NURB 3150- Antihypertensives(CHP 26) Study Set Exam
BP Regulation - Answer Arterial BP:
- force exerted on arterial walls by blood flow
Response to Hypotension:
- SNS is stimulated (increase HR, BP, force of contraction, vasconstriction and renin
release)
- Adrenal Medulla secretes epi & non-epi (increases BP/HR)
- Kidney's retain fluid (causes increase in volume thus increasing BP)
Response to HTN:
- increase renal secretion
- fluid loss decreases circulating volume which
- decreases CO, which
- decreases arterial BP, which
- decreases BP
Two Main Determinants of BP - Answer CO:
- HR x SV (amount of blood ejected per heart beat)
- systolic BP (how much blood is pumped to body & lungs)
Peripheral Vascular Resistance:
- diastolic BP (how much resistance heart meets when pumping)
Renin-angiotensin-adolsterone-system (RAAS) - Answer Renin:
- stimulates angio I & II (both vascoconstrict which is bad for HTN)
Angiotensin I:
- vasoconstriction and release of aldosterone
Angiotensin II:
, - more potent vasoconstrictor
Aldosterone:
- Na & H20 retention, also K regulation
*when people are in renal failure its because aldosterone is failing, which leaves
concern for K levels*
Beta Sites - Answer Beta 1:
- heart (selective)
- increases P, contractility (makes heart beat more forcefully, vasoconstriction
Beta 2:
- heart, lungs & periphery (non selective)
- dilate bronchioles (when we block beta 2's can cause bronchoconstriction)
Think 1 heart (beta 1) and two lungs (beta 2)!
HTN - Answer Profoundly alters cardiovascular function, increasing cardiac workload,
causing myocardium hypertrophy and eventually HF.
Initially may produce no s/s, s/s reflect target organ damage, think heart/brain/kidney
and eyes.
BP is about circulating volume, therefore dehydration causes decreased BP therefore
can cause orthostatic hypotension. Anyone on an antihypertensive is a fall risk.
Hypertensive Emergencies - Answer Episodes of severe elevated BP caused by:
- extension of malignant HTN, cerebral hemorrhage, dissecting aortic aneursym, renal
dz, etc.
- can cause strokes
S/S:
- sever HA, N/V, visual disturbances (can cause blurred vision or temporary blindness),
neurological disturbances, disorientation, decreased LOC
Antihypertensive Meds - Answer ACE Inhibs
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
Antiadrenergics
Ca Channel Blockers
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