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NURB 3150- Drug Therapy With Opiods Exam Study Guide
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NURB 3150- Drug Therapy WithOpiods Exam Study Guide
True or False: Opioid analgesics are drugs that prevent or relieve moderate to severe
pain. - Answer true
Pain - Answer - unpleasant sensory/emotional experience associated with actual or
potential tissue damage
- personal/individual experience ... "Whatever the patient says it is"
- exists when the patient says it exists
Pain Threshold - Answer - level of stimulus needed to produce perception of pain
- measure of physiologic response of the nervous system
Pain Tolerance - Answer - amount of pain one can endure without interfering with
normal functioning
- varies..person to person
- subjective response, not always physiologic function; varies by attitude. environment,
culture, and ethnicity
General Characteristics of Opioid Analgesics - Answer - relieve moderate to
severe...inhibits pain signal transmission form periphery to brain
- well absorbed...PO, IM, sub-q, IV administration
- exert widespread pharmacologic effects, especially in the CNS and GI
Opioids: CNS Effects - Answer - analgesia, CNS depression, decreased mental and
physical activity
- respiratory depression, hypotension, nausea and vomiting
- pupil constriction
Opioids: GI Effects - Answer - slow motility
- constipation
- bowel and biliary spasm
True or False: Most opioid analgesics are Schedule II drugs because they rarely lead to
drug abuse or dependence. - Answer - False
, - most opioid analgesics are Schedule II drugs because they may lead to drug abuse or
dependence
Black Box Warnings - Answer Present with all opioid analgesics because of potentially
fatal adverse effects and risk of drug abuse
Which analgesics have a black box warning? - Answer - fentanyl, hydromorphone, and
methadone
- oxycodone and oxymorphone
Why? - Answer - these drugs have the highest potential for abuse
- highest risk of fatal overdoses because of respiratory depression
A patient with metastasized bone cancer has been on transdermal fentanyl patches for
pain management for 3 months. The patient tells the nurse, "My pain is becoming
unbearable." The nurse is reluctant to give the ordered pain medication because the
nurse does not want the patient to get addicted to the medication. Which rationale is
correct? - Answer the nurse is failing to manage the patient's pain properly
What are the three classifications of opioids? - Answer - agonists
- agonists/antagonists
- antagonists
Agonists - Answer - bind to an opiod pain receptor
- cause an analgesic response
Agonists-Antagonists - Answer - partial or mixed agonist
- binds to pain receptor
- causes a weaker neurologic response than full agonists
Antagonists (Non-Analgesics) - Answer - competitive antagonists
- reverse the effects of these drugs on pain receptors
- bind to a pain receptor and exerts no response
How do opioids relieve pain? - Answer By binding to opioid receptors in the brain, spinal
cord, peripheral tissue, and primarily the mu receptors
How do opioid receptors activate the endogenous analgesia system? - Answer By
suppressing the transmission of pain signals from peripheral nerves
What other things can activate the Endogenous Analgesia System? - Answer - nerve
signals entering the brain
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