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LING 115 c questions and answers already solved 2024
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LING 115 c questions and answers already solved 2024
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LING 115 - Unit 7The first settlers in the Americas came from Asia via a land bridge which
connected Siberia to Alaska. They were the idigenous population of North,
Cental, and South America. - correct answer ✔True
At the time of the arrival of the first Europeans there were 2 million native
Americans in North America, speaking 300 different languages. - correct
answer ✔True
What languages did the early European settlers speak? - correct answer
✔English, Spanish, and French
Which areas spoke which languages during early European settlement in
North America? - correct answer ✔- Spanish: Florida and the Southwest
- English: East coast and northern Canada
- French: from Canada to Louisiana along the Mississippi
The French areas during early European settlement were heavily populated -
correct answer ✔False
Very large area, but thinly populated
Who are the Anglos? - correct answer ✔Speakers of English during
European settlement
Which speakers were the majority group amongst European settlers? - correct
answer ✔English
,The early English settlers in North America did not tolerate other languages -
correct answer ✔False
There was linguistic tolerance
Why did linguistic tolerance change in 19th century USA? - correct answer
✔Changing patterns of immigration cause a rise in paranoia among the
Anglos. Previously, immigrants were heavily North European, Protestant, and
English-speaking. 19th century new immigrants were increasingly from south
and southeast Europe, Irish Catholic, Orthodox Christian, Jewish, and Asian
(Japanese, Chinese).
When did the first defence of English start? - correct answer ✔19th century
What happened in the 'first defense' of English? - correct answer ✔New calls
for restrictions on the use and teaching of languages other than
English/LOTEs. Initiatives to close down schools offering other languages as
mediums of education.
Successful - by early 20th century, LOTEs only taught as subjects, not used
as languages of instruction. World War I (1914-1918): attempts to prohibit ALL
use of German in schools. German was associated with the enemy, although
most German-speakers in the US did not support Germany.
Describe Meyer vs. Nebraska - correct answer ✔First major legal case in the
US involving the use of language.
Robert Meyer, a teacher in Zion Parochial School, was charged with violating
Nebraska state law by teaching German to a student. Meyer was convicted
and appealed. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Meyer, stating that
attempts to forbid the teaching of LOTEs in schools violated the 14th
Amendment.
Judge James McReynolds: "mere knowledge of the German language cannot
reasonably be regarded as harmful."
, What happened in the 19th century/early 20th century with regards to Native
American languages? - correct answer ✔The government attempted to stop
the transmission of NA languages.
NA children were sent to boarding schools, off-reservation, where no use of
NA languages was allowed. They were punished for speaking their tribal
languages, and pressured to assimilate completely to Anglo customs and
language.
What sorts of discrimination did Asians experience in the 19th century? -
correct answer ✔From 1870 on, no US citizenship was granted to Asian
immigrants. A ban on immigration 1882-1943: The Chinese Exclusion Act
After Meyer vs. Nebraska, the teaching of LOTEs was permitted in all schools
- correct answer ✔False
Despite the outcome of Meyer vs. Nebraska, the teaching of LOTEs was
banned from elementary schools, and only permitted in high schools, until the
1960s.
What are 3 policies that encouraged the use of LOTEs? - correct answer
✔The National Defense Act, the Bilingual Education Act, and the Native
American Languages Act
What is the National Defense Act of 1958? Why was it enacted? - correct
answer ✔It promotes the study of non-western languages and cultures, to
compete better with Russia (which had gotten attention after the Sputnik
satellite).
1961: establishment of the Peace Corps (volunteers sent to 140 countries to
help local people as teachers and technical advisors).
Why did attitudes change in 1960s towards LOTEs? - correct answer ✔The
new tolerance for ethnic diversity and LOTEs was caused by political events
and situations in education. 1958: the Soviet Union succeeds in launching the
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