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EXAM 1-CRIM 249 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2023/2024
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EXAM 1-CRIM 249 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2023/2024
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lOMoAR cPSD| 45211451Exam 1 CRIM 1170 - Lecture notes 1-4
INTRODUCTION TO CORRECTIONS
, lOMoAR cPSD| 45211451
Ch 1 perspectives on crime and punishment
Corrections- The structures, policies and programs delivered by government, non profit
organisations, and members of general public to sanction, banish, treat and supervise, in the
community and in the correctional institution, persons convicted of crime.
The process of correctional change- 1) severity of punishment is modified 2) explanations
of criminal behavior change #) new structural arrangements, such as penitentiary 4)
proportion of offenders involved in the correctional process change
The early days- before the middle ages, (500 CE) the response was punishment.
Death penalty- hanging, live burial, stoning,boiling alive.
During middle ages (500- 1500 CE) - most gruesome punishments.
Many punishments- publically stigmatizing the offender or shame them.
The most gruesome punishments to people who threatened the kings peace or religious
offenders, denouncing what was considered as evil conduct.
The british legacy: england opened in a former royal palace, in london in 1557. Offender
subjected to hard labors was considered as the best solution.
England disposed of a large number of offenders through transportation, a form of
banishment.
Punishment: the act of inflicting a consequence or penalty on someone as a result of their
wrongdoing, or the consequence of the penalty itself.
The classical school: based on the perspective that the offender exercises free will, and
engage in criminal behavior as a rational choice, and punishment , Must be sift, certain and
severe.
The positivist (liberal) school: the perspective on criminal behavior that it is determined
and the offender needs individualised treatment.
The critical (radical) school: a perspective on crime that highlights the role of economics,
politics, power and oppression in the formulation of law and adjustment of justice.
The objectives of punishment: retribution, deterrence, incapacitation and rehabilitation.
Punitive penology: a response to criminal offenders characterized by severe crime
sanctions, including tough on crime sanction.
Penal populism: policies that are formulated in the pursuit of political objective, often in
the absence of an informed public or in spite of public opinion and that are centered on tough
on crime.
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