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LING b questions and answers already passed 2024
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LING b questions and answers already passed 2024
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LING-115 Midterm Review (Units 1-4)code-switching - correct answer ✔The use of two or more languages in a
single conversation/sentence by bilingual or multilingual speakers
Sentence boundary code-switching - correct answer ✔1st level of CS. Each
sentence is entirely in one language, but speakers alternate between
languages in different sentences
Extra-sentential code switching - correct answer ✔2nd level of CS. Short
phrases or single words in L1 or inserted at the beginning or end of a
sentence in L2 (aka "tag-insertion")
Clause-boundary code switching - correct answer ✔3rd level of CS.
Switches between L1 and L2 are made at clause boundaries
Intra-sentential code switching - correct answer ✔4th level of CS. Switches
are made within clauses, often multiple times (aka "code-mixing")
Insertional code switching - correct answer ✔L1 is fully switched on ("matrix"
or "base" language). Vocab from L2 is inserted into the base language.
Alternational code switching - correct answer ✔L1 and L2 are both fully
switched on and appear in equal amounts (2 base languages).
Diglossia - correct answer ✔A type of bilingual situation in which two
varieties of a single language are spoken in complementary distribution, used
for different functions.
, Extended diglossia - correct answer ✔Involves two distinct languages
patterning in the typical H and L ways
Triglossia - correct answer ✔Involves three varieties/languages in H/L
relations to each other
Khatarevousa Greek - correct answer ✔H variety of Greek in 20thC Greece.
Associated with the Orthodox Greek church and right wing nationalists.
Dhimotiki Greek - correct answer ✔L variety of Greek in 20thC Greece.
Associated with democracy and left-wing politics.
Modern Standard Arabic - correct answer ✔Modernized form of classical
Arabic, used in most forms of writing. Functions as the H variety of Arabic.
Regional colloquial Arabic (RCA) - correct answer ✔L variety of Arabic, used
in most spoken interactions.
Modern Standard Greek - correct answer ✔Current form of Greek developed
from Dhimotiki Greek.
The Invariant System Hypothesis - correct answer ✔A language consists in
(a) a set of words/a vocabulary and (b) a set of rules on grammar and
pronunciation. These rules are used in the same way by a population of
speakers.
Counter-example to Invariant System Hypothesis - correct answer
✔American English vs. British English
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