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HLTH 503 EPIDEMIOLOGY FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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HLTH 503 EPIDEMIOLOGY FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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Name: Score:32 Multiple choice questions
Definition 1 of 32
Refers to a case that is related to the index case so closely in time that it is thought to belong
to the same generation of cases as the index case.
Coprimary Case
Environment
Natural, passive Immunity
Direct Transmission
Definition 2 of 32
The proportion of a group that experiences the outcome under study over a given period.
Frequently applied to the occurrence of acute infectious disease outbreaks and can be used
for other acute health related events.
Attack rate = ill/ (ill + well) X 100
Expressed as a percentage.
(text p. 506)
Attack Rate
Secondary Attack Rate
Infectivity
Pathogenicity
,Definition 3 of 32
The capacity of the agent to induce disease in the host. Synonym for pathogenicity. Measured
by the ratio formed by the number of total cases with overt infection divided by the total
number of infected cases. If the disease is fatal, virulence can be measured by the case fatality
rate (CFR). Rabies is an example of an extremely virulent agent with a high CFR.
Antigenicity
Virulence
Toxigenicity
Infectivity
Definition 4 of 32
Contaminated water, infected blood on used hypodermic needles, and food.
Vehicle
Vector
Index Case
Fomites
Definition 5 of 32
The capacity of the agent to enter & multiply in a susceptible host & thus produce infection/
disease. Example of high infectivity: Polio & measles. Measured by "secondary attack rate".
Antigenicity
Pathogenicity
Toxigenicity
Infectivity
,Definition 6 of 32
These are naturally occurring mechanisms of the human body to protect itself. Examples: Our
skin provides protection from many environmental agents, mucosal surfaces protect against
foreign invaders, tears & saliva wash away would-be infectious agents, the high pH of our
gastric juices destroys many agents that enter via digestion, and our immune system is highly
developed to ingest, via phagocytes and macrophages, infectious agents.
Artificial, active Immunity
Nonspecific Defense Mechanisms
Natural, active Immunity
Artificial, passive Immunity
Definition 7 of 32
The spread of infection through an intermediary source: vehicles, fomites, or vectors.
Indirect Transmission
Social Environment
External Environment
Direct Transmission
Definition 8 of 32
"The number of cases of an infection that occur among contacts within the incubation period
following exposure to a primary case in relation to the total number of exposed contacts; the
denominator is restricted to susceptible contacts when these can be determined. The
secondary attack rate is a measure of contagiousness and is useful in evaluating control
measures."
Refers to the spread of disease in a family, household, dwelling unit, dormitory, or similar
circumscribed group.
Indirect Transmission
Secondary Attack Rate
Artificial, active Immunity
Attack Rate
, Definition 9 of 32
The case that first came to the attention of public health authorities.
Zooneses
Index Case
Indirect Transmission
Infectivity
Definition 10 of 32
Immunity against a particular agent. Immunity to a disease may be:
Active
Passive
Natural, active
Artificial, active
Natural, passive
Artificial, passive
(Text p. 498-99)
Basic Reproductive Rate (R₀)
Disease-Specific Defense Mechanisms
5 Basic Steps of Investigation of an Outbreak
Resistance (of the agent)
Definition 11 of 32
Diseases that are potentially transmissible from animal reservoirs to humans under natural
conditions. Ex: rabies and plague.
Zooneses
Environment
Index Case
Fomites
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