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GMS 6402 Pulmonary Physiology Questions And Answers Well Illustrated.

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GMS 6402 Pulmonary Physiology Questions And Answers Well Illustrated. Epiglottis - correct answer. Covers local cords and trachea during swallowing Prevents movement of air into the lungs Food and water to esophagus Air to trachea Lung Anatomy - correct answer. Right lung: ...

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GMS 6402 Pulmonary Physiology
Questions And Answers Well Illustrated.


Epiglottis - correct answer. Covers local cords and trachea during swallowing
Prevents movement of air into the lungs

Food and water to esophagus
Air to trachea

Lung Anatomy - correct answer. Right lung: 3 lobes
Left lung: 2 lobes
Left has oblique fissure
Right has oblique fissure and Horizontal fissure
Cardiac notch is anatomical hallmark for position of left ventricle
All cardiac output travels to lung via the right ventricle

Conducting Airways - correct answer. Z0 to Z16 - no gas exchange here, about 150
mL of air held
Thick layers of cartilage and/or smooth muscle

Trachea - Bronchi - Bronchioles - terminal bronchioles

Terminal have epithelial cell layering and lack cartilage and smooth muscle

Function - warm and humidify air. Cleaned of foreign particles and propelled out via
beating cilia

Airflow is turbulent/transitional

Alveolar Airways - correct answer. O2 and CO2 gas exchange

Reparatory bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveolar sacs (alveoli) Z17 to Z23

,2500 to 3000 mL of air in airways
Density increases as move through airway

Alveoli surrounded by Type I and Type II epithelia

Airflow is laminar

Lung Surface Area - correct answer. Exponential increase as move through lungs

Surface area is in alveolar airways for gas exchange

Trachea Histology - correct answer. Z0
Cartilage rings turn to cartilaginous plates

Segmental Bronchi - correct answer. Z4-Z7
Plates of cartilage turn to smooth muscle

Terminal Bronchioles - correct answer. Z16
No cartilage, little smooth muscle

Respiratory Bronchioles - correct answer. Z17
Alveoli
No cartilage or smooth muscle
Type I and II alveolar epithelial cells

Type II Epithelial Cells - correct answer. make surfactant

Alveoli - correct answer. Surrounded by elecastic fibers which give lung stretch

Alveolar macrophages keep alveolar surfaces sterile

Pores between alveoli allow connection to adjacent alveoli and equalization of air
pressure

Path of Oxygen Diffusion - correct answer. 1. Alveolar fluid
2. Alveolar epithelium
3. Epithelial basement membrane
4. Interstitial space
5. Capillary basement membrane
6. Capillary endothelial cell membrane
7. Blood
8. Red cell membrane

How long do RBC stay in capillary network - correct answer. 0.75 seconds and
traverse about 3 alveoli

, Diffusion of CO2 and O2 - correct answer. CO2 fives times faster because of
increased solubility

Inspiration and Expiration - correct answer. Tidal Volume breathing is about .5 liters of
air per breath
Do work breathing in, breathing out is passive

Inspiration Muscles - correct answer. Diaphragm is main
Secondary are external intercostals (ribs) and sternocleidomastoids (elevate sternum)
*use secondary during exercise

Scalenus and parasternal intercartilaginous muscles (ribs)

Expiration Muscles - correct answer. Passive using recoil of lung to push air out
Secondary expiration muscles are internal intercostals and the abdominal muscle
(depress ribs)
These force air out as opposed to passive

Rectus abdominus, external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis

Diaphragm - correct answer. Force generator for ventilation
Failure requires artificial respiration - accessory muscles are insufficient for ventilation

Contraction inspiration, relaxation expiration
Down then up

Tidal Volume - correct answer. Normal breathing volume
0.5 L

Expiratory Reserve Volume - correct answer. Volume expelled past normal tidal
volume
2L

Residual Volume (RV) - correct answer. Amount of air remaining in the lungs after a
forced exhalation
1.2 L

Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) - correct answer. Also just Vital Capacity (VC)
Forced exhalation after deepest inspiration
ERV + TV + IRV
5L
Decreases with pulmonary disease

Total Lung Capacity (TLC) - correct answer. Maximum volume expansion
RV + VC

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