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1 Sample Sign Test It is the simplest of all the non-parametric tests that can be used
instead of a One Sample T Test.
Affinity Chart A tool for organizing large quantities of information from many people. It
is often used with Brainstorming and other creative thinking activities. It sorts a large quantity of
unorganized information into related categories.
Analytic Hierarchy Process It is a decision making method used to deal with complex
information.
Automation Transfer of human intelligence to a machine.
Bias It is a measure of the distance between the measured value and the True or Actual
value.
Black Belts These members lead project teams and conduct detailed analysis required in
Six Sigma methodologies. They usually act as team leaders and work on the project on a full-
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time basis. Act as instructors and mentors for Green Belts, educating them in Six Sigma tools and
methods.
Business Case A tool used to provide details to management and team members on the
business values to be achieved by conducting a project.
X Chart It is a plot of the means of subgroup data and shows inter-subgroup or between-
subgroup variation.
Common Cause Variation Is the variation that can be usually seen in the process.
Contingency Plans A plan specially designed to deal with any unusual events or
circumstances.
Control Chart It plots and processes the data (input X data and output Y data) over a
period and connects by lines, in order to detect trends or unusual events.
Control Plan A written summary description of the system for controlling a process.
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Cost-Benefit Analysis It is used to evaluate the total anticipated cost of a project
compared to the total expected benefits, to determine whether the proposed implementation is
worthwhile for a company or project team.
Critical to Quality (CTQ) Customer requirements, when translated into critical process
requirements that are specific and measurable.
The Cumulative Sum Control (CuSum) Chart Incorporates all the information by plotting
the cumulative sums of the deviations of the sample values from the target value.
Cycle Time The time it takes to complete a process from start to finish. Includes actual
work time and wait time.
Cyclical Variations Refers to variations among sequential repetitions over a short time.
Defect Per Million Opportunities (DPMO) or Non-Conformities Per Million Opportunities
(NPMO) Common term used in process improvement efforts and is a measure of process
performance.