Exam (elaborations)
Backyard Chickens Final Exam
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Backyard Chickens Final ExamFactors influencing feeding regimes - ANS • Nutrient requirement varies with age, type, & the
seasonality
• Feeding should meet the bird's requirement
• Growing & Broiler bird need more protein
Layers need more calcium
• availability & Cost of ingredients is important
Summer birds require more Protein, Energy, Vitamins, and Minerals. Winter is opposite
problems due to inaccurate nutrition - ANS 1. improper bone formation
2. Kidney failure
3. possibly death
4. Poor eggshell quality
Different forms of feed - ANS • Mash
• Pelletized (extruded mash)
• Crumbled (broken pellets)
• Scratch grains
• Fodder (grasses)
Keep a mask if you use mash
Scratch grains are just high energy low protein mixes. Not suitable long term
Approximate feed intake (egg-layer) - ANS • Nutrient balance studies not done in backyard flocks
• Egg - type
• Feed/pullet - hatch to ready-to-lay = 13 to 15lbs.
• Layer - daily intake/hen: 98-107 g
Should be at least these values
Approximate feed intake (meat-layer) - ANS • Nutrient balance studies not done in backyard flocks
• Meat - type
,• Feed/bird - hatch to market (7 weeks) = 12.5 to 18lbs.
• Heavy breed eats more than 12.5-18
Should be at least these values
Age requirements for egg production - ANS • Pullets
• 0-6 weeks (starter)
• 6-14 weeks (grower)
• 14-20 weeks (developer)
• Laying
• >20 weeks (layer)
• Breeding
• Mature birds (layer/breeder
Can switch to developer at 8-10 weeks for larger eggs
Complete feed system nutrients - ANS Type ME Kcals/lb CP (%) Ca (%) Avail P (%)
Starter 1290-1315 20-22 0.85-1.00 .40-.45
Grower 1290-1315 16-18 0.80-0.95 .35-.42
Dvloper 1250-1290 14-16 0.75-0.92 .30-.38
Layer 1290-1315 15-19 3.60-4.20 .32-.45
Mature 1290-1315 14-18 3.40-4.00 .32-.40
What does ME mean? - ANS Higher ME indicates higher concentration of calories and energy
Alternative to complete feed system - ANS controlled grain system
both can be used simultaneously
Complete feed - controlled grain strategy - ANS • Grains
• High in energy
• Low in protein, minerals and vitamins
• 10% CP, generally
• Formulation
,• Mature layers, 20% CP (complete feed), grain with 10% CP
• (100 + 10)/6 parts = 18.3% protein
Laying phase - Timing - ANS • Two phases
• Phase 1 - 20 to 42 weeks of age
• Phase 2 - 42 to 72 weeks of age
Calorie consumption by season - ANS 350 calories per day in winter
250 calories per day in summer
In summer feed higher protein diet because they eat less. Vice-versa in winter.
Birds maturing in fall or winter will begin laying later due to large body size.
Laying phase - Protein requirement - ANS Body Func (phase) 1 2
*Egg Prod(g/day) 12.2 13.5*
Dly body maint 3 3.4
*Dly body growth 1.4 0*
Dly feather growth 0.4 0.1
Ttl Dly Prtn need 17 17
Feeding breeders - ANS • Nutrient requirements more
• Dietary fortification essential with vitamins and minerals
• Good to use commercial feeds
improves high fertility and hatchability
Supplementation - ANS • Calcium
• Grit (Insoluble!)
Calcium Supplementation - ANS • at least 2.5-3.5% in the feed
• Additional sources
• Oyster shell, calcite, limestone
• For pullets, no additional Ca source
, *• DON'T FEED CHICKS/GROWERS WITH LAYER MASH*
Grit - ANS • Hard granite
• 2-3 times per month
• Does not provide any nutrients
Nutrient requirements for broilers - ANS • Weeks 1 - 4 : broiler starter (20-23% CP; 1350 - 1385
kcals/lb.)
• Weeks 5 - 8 : broiler grower (19-20% CP; 1385 - 1405 kcals/lb.)
• >8 Weeks - slaughter : broiler finisher (15-18% CP; 1425 - 1450 kcals/lb.)
• No coccidiostat
Coccidiostat - ANS coccidio is a disease and stat stops it. May remain in bird meat after slaughter.
• Examples of coccidiostat?
• Amprolium, oxytetracycline, sulfa etc.
Complete feed strategy - ANS • For a 8-15 lb. bird at 3-5 months
• Broiler starter (0-2 weeks) - 20-23% CP (cocc)
• Pullet starter (2-6 weeks) - 20-22% CP
• Pullet grower (6-12 weeks) - 16-18% CP
• Broiler grower (12 weeks - desired weight) - 19-20% CP (cocc)
• Broiler finisher (withdrawal) - 15-18% CP
• Supplement pasture or green chops
• Granite grit @ 1 lb./100 birds/month
Chicken sizes & growth times - ANS Fryers, Broilers, Roasters
Fryers. 4 lbs, 7 weeks
Broilers. 6 lbs, 6 weeks
Roasters ($$$). 8-15 lbs, 3-5 months
Stewing chickens. Even larger, not common in markets
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