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ATLS Initial Assessment and Management Exam Questions and Answers 2024/2025 Graded A+.
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ATLS Initial Assessment and Management Exam Questions and Answers 2024/2025 Graded A+.
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ATLS Initial Assessment and ManagementWhat are the parts of the initial assessment? - ANS 1. Preparation
2. triage
3. Primary Survey (ABCDEs) with immediate resuscitation of patients with life threatening
injuries
4. Adjuncts to primary survey and resuscitation
5. Consideration of need for patient transfer
6. Secondary survey (head to toe evaluation and patient history)
7. Adjuncts to secondary survey
8. Continued postresuscitation monitoring and re-evaluation
9. Definitive care
Why are the primary and secondary surveys repeated frequently? - ANS to identify any change
in patient's status that indicates the need for additional intervention
What is involved in the primary survey with simultaneous resuscitation? - ANS 1. Airway
maintenance with restriction of cervical spine motion
2. Breathing and ventilation
3. Circulation with hemorrhage control
4. Disability (assessment of neurologic status)
5. Exposure/environmental control
How can clinicians quickly assess the A, B, C, and D in a patient in 10 seconds? - ANS
Provider identifies him/herself, asking the patient for his or her name, and asking what
happened
Airway maintenance with restriction of a C-spine motion - ANS -Establish a definitive airway if
there is any doubt about patient's ability to maintain airway integrity
-While assessing and managing a patient's airway take great care to prevent excessive
movement of c-spine. based on mechanism of trauma, assume that a spinal injury exists
Breathing and ventilation - ANS -a simple pneumothorax can be converted to a tension
pneumothorax when a patient is intubated and positive pressure ventilation is provided before
decompressing the pneumothorax with a chest tube
What are three elements of clinical observation that yield important information within seconds?
- ANS 1. level of consciousness
2. skin perfusion
3. pulse
, Level of consciousness - ANS when circulating blood volume is reduced, cerebral perfusion
may be critically impaired, resulting in altered level of consciousness
skin perfusion - ANS helpful in evaluating injured hypovolemic patients
pulse - ANS a rapid, thready pulse is typically a sign of hypovolemia
What are the major areas of internal hemorrhage? - ANS chest, abdomen, retroperitoneum,
pelvis, and long bones
What are important things to consider about bleeding? - ANS definitive bleeding control is
essential along with appropriate replacement of intravascular volume
How is the source of bleeding usually identified? - ANS Physical exam and imaging (chest
x-ray, pelvic x-ray, FAST, DPL)
How is vascular access established? - ANS two large bore peripheral IVs are placed to
administer fluid, blood, and plasma
What else is important to obtain to know how the patient is doing? - ANS blood samples for
baseline hematologic studies including pregnancy test for all females of childbearing age and
blood type and cross matching
Shock associated with injury most often originates from where? How do you treat this? - ANS
Hypovolemia. Treat IV fluid therapy with crystalloids.
If a patient is unresponsive to initial crystalloid therapy, he or she should receive what? - ANS
blood transfusion
What has been found about aggressive fluid administration? - ANS Aggressive fluid
administration before control of bleeding has been demonstrated to increase mortality and
morbidity
Until proven otherwise always presume that changes in level of consciousness are the result of
the central nervous system. Remember that drug or alcohol intoxication can accompany
traumatic brain injury. - ANS true
Disability (neurologic evaluation) - ANS A rapid neurologic evaluation establishes the patient's
level of consciousness and pupillary size and reaction. It also identifies the presence of
lateralizing signs, and determines spinal cord injury level if present
GCS score - ANS quick, simple, and objective method of determining the level of
consciousness. Motor response correlates with outcome.
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