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CVF 4 Exam Questions & Answers 2024/2025

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Subido en 23 de septiembre de 2024
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cvf 4 exam questions answers

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CVF 4 Exam Questions & Answers
2024/2025

What are the heart valves? - ANSWERS- pulmonic valve: RV to pulmonary artery

- aortic valve: LV to aorta

- tricuspid valve: RA to RV

- mitral valve: LA to LV

Tricuscpid valve and mitral valve are held in place by what - ANSWERSchordae tendineae and together
by papillary muscle

Why would people develop valve disease? - ANSWERS- genetics

- HTN

- Bacteria infection

- Modifiable risk factors: DM, smoking, poor diet, sedentary lifestyle

Valvular disorders: prolapse - ANSWERSOutpouching into the atrium

- mostly happens with the mitral valve

Valvular disorders: Regurgitation/insufficiency - ANSWERS- think Floppy valve

- Incompetent valve closure causing blood to flow backward into preceding chamber causing that
chamber to get bigger

If Regurgitation/insufficiency is causing blood to go back to the LA what will happen? - ANSWERS- left
atrium gets enlarged

- increasing pressure gradient

- leads to heart failure

,Valvular disorders: stenosis - ANSWERSincompletely opening of the valve (stiff) causing a decrease in
blood flow

What does stenosis lead to - ANSWERScardiomegaly (enlarged/ remodeling heart)

- the heart is working harder to keep cardiac output moving forward

- this eventually leads to HF

Valvular Disorders: mitral and aortic - ANSWERS- mitral prolapse

- mitral regurgitation

- mitral stenosis

- aortic regurgitation

- aortic stenosis

*Aortic is the most serious of valve preambles highest M&M*

Mitral valve prolapse - ANSWERSone or both leaflets are stretched back into the atrium during systole
which can lead to MVR

- deformity in connective tissue that is inherited

- women are 2x more likely to develop it over men

What causes Mitral valve prolapse - ANSWERS(Connective tissue disorders)

- Marfan's Disease

- Ehlers danalos syndrome

S+S of mitral valve prolapse - ANSWERSusually asymptomatic

- anxiety (#1 symptom)

- Fatigue, SOB, lightheadedness, dizziness, syncope, palpitations, chest pain

What exams are done to determine mitral valve prolapse? - ANSWERS- Heart sounds: (mitralclick: extra
heart sound)

- echo: To diagnose

, How do you treat mitral valve prolapse? - ANSWERSmain thing is controlling symptoms and lifestyle
changes

controlling symptoms for mitral valve prolapse: medication - ANSWERS- meds usually not indicated.

If it is, they will be antiarrhythmics, Ca Channel Blockers and beta blockers (for chest pain)

- Medications for CHF: ACE and ARBS if get to that point

controlling symptoms for mitral valve prolapse: lifestyle changes - ANSWERS■ No caffeine or tobacco

■ Limit alcohol

■ Low Na+ diet

■ If become fatigued: Have activities in the morning, separate activities, with lots of breaks

■ read labels

What teaching do you want to tell patients about reading labels? - ANSWERS- teach them how to read
food labels to see how much Na+ is in products

- over the counter medication labels (ex: cough meds)... Products may have alcohol, caffeine, epi,
ephedrine

What education would a nurse provide to a patient newly diagnosed with mitral valve prolapse? -
ANSWERS- notify Dr. of any changes to symptoms/ new symptoms

- notify doctor with any new infections

- 1st generation relatives should get echo (since its inherited)

Do patients with mitral valve prolapse get prophylactic abx for dental work? - ANSWERSNO

- the only people who should are: heart transplant, endocarditis, prosthetic heart valve

What can cause Mitral Valve Regurgitation - ANSWERS● MV prolapse that gets worse

● Ischemic LV damage

● Rheumatic fever (most common)

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