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NSC 408 Final Exam Graded A+ 2024
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NSC 408 Final Exam Graded A+ 2024
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NSC 408 Final Exam Graded A+ 2024A high fat diet increases your risk of colon cancer? - ANSWER-True
As triglycerides get cleaved off by _______ through the blood and the density ________
- ANSWER-Lipoprotein lipase (LPL)
Decreases
Beta-Carotene supplementation can help decrease the risk for lung and prostate cancer
in smokers - ANSWER-False
Catecholamines are considered peptide hormones? - ANSWER-False
Chylomicron content - ANSWER-82% triacylglycerols
2% cholesterol
9% protein
Describe the effect of high glycemic index food on blood sugar? - ANSWER-Blood
sugar rises quickly, then falls quickly below normal baseline levels
Describe the role of DNMT in methylation - ANSWER-DNMT are the enzymes that
methylate DNA to silence the gene
Describe the role of high CETP? - ANSWER-High CETP creates high amounts of LDL -
this is polymorphism.
Over expressed CETP - increases LDL production
A mutation to both genes of CETP leads to extreme over expressing and high levels of
LDL in the body
If there is a decrease expression of CETP then you will have less production of LDL and
overall less amount of LDL in the body
Describe the vitamin D mechanism of genomic on colon cancer? - ANSWER-Vitamin D
binds to VDR (vitamin D receptor) in the nucleus, which then binds to VDRE (VDR
responsive element) on DNA - to then influence gene expression. Increased calcium
binding in the intestine. Fastest method - takes seconds. Intestine and bones
Describe the vitamin D mechanism on non-genomic on colon cancer? - ANSWER-
Vitamin D binds to VDR in the plasma membrane, which carries out its function using a
signaling cascade instead of direct DNA binding
Slower method - has to bind then rely on messengers
Describe what a low-density lipoprotein means? - ANSWER-There is a low triglyceride
content, therefore density increases
, During stress/trauma, hyperglycemic conditions will cause what main fuel source to be
used for energy? - ANSWER-Amino Acids
During stress/trauma, what effect do cytokines have on glucose metabolism? -
ANSWER-Cytokines create a signaling cascade that leads to the repression of
phosphorylation in the insulin signaling pathway, derailing glucose metabolism
During the state of adapted starvation, what is the primary source of energy? -
ANSWER-Fatty Acids
Epigenetic's are reversible - ANSWER-TRUE
Epigenetic's changes to DNA are heritable (can be passed to offspring), even though
they do not result in changes to DNA sequence - ANSWER-True
Epigenetic's is reversible? - ANSWER-True
Fatty acids can be synthesized by glucose, protein, or fat - ANSWER-True
Fatty Acids can be used to synthesize all except? - ANSWER-Pyruvate
FXR blocks fatty acid synthesis and gluconeogenesis when bile acids are present -
ANSWER-True
FXR does not have different isoforms? - ANSWER-False - FXR can have different
isoforms (that are tissue-dependent) because of alternate transcription start sites
HDL content - ANSWER-3% triacylglycerols
19% cholesterol
50% protein
How are diabetes and obesity similar in terms of pyruvate DH activity - ANSWER-PDH
activity is abnormally low in both conditions
How are DNMTs inhibited? - ANSWER-Genistein
How can methylation be transmitted to daughter cells? - ANSWER-If both genes are
methylated, when they are being replicated the methylation group sticks with the gene is
copied onto the new gene. This does not change the DNA sequence because it is an
epigenetic change
How can you reduce the effects of DCA on colon cancer risk? - ANSWER-CLA, Aspirin,
Omega-3 FA, High fiber diet, low fat diet
How do cancer cells alter the expression of enzymes used in energy pathways? -
ANSWER-Low PDH
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