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BIOS 255 Exam-Questions and Answers Already Passed
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BIOS 255 Exam-Questions and Answers Already Passed
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BIOS 255 Exam-Questions and Answers Already PassedBlood Formed Elements Correct Ans-"cells"; RBCs (Erythrocytes), WBCs (Leukocytes),
Platelets
Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells) Correct Ans-> lack a nucleus (cannot perform mitosis),
biconcave disc shape, bags of hemoglobin, carry oxygen and some carbon dioxide
> Formed in the red bone marrow from the hematopoietic stem cell, myeloid stem cell,
erythroblast, reticulocyte, mature RBC
Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells): Composition Correct Ans-> hemoglobin = protein that
carries four oxygen to cells and some carbon dioxide (potentially hydrogen) to lungs
> erythropoietin = hormone responsible for RCB production by ejecting the nucleus from
proerythroblasts released by the kidneys
, BIOS 255 Exam-Questions and Answers Already Passed
Erythropoiesis (Red Blood Cell Production) Correct Ans-require: reticulocytes, EPO, iron,
protein, vitamin B12
> red blood cell death and phagocytosis for macrophage to react in spleen, liver, or red bone
marrow
> hemoglobin = globin - breaks down into protein monomer (amino acids) and reused for
protein synthesis, heme - releases heavy metal iron through transferrin movement and
producing bilirubin
> liver = iron stored form (ferritin) and bilirubin resides in liver
> bone marrow = chemical messenger is sent towards bone marrow with iron, global, vitamin
B12, and erythropoietin to produce a mature RCB from a reticulocyte
> circulation occurs for ~120 days before cycle is repeated
Red Blood Cell Disorders Correct Ans-> Polycythemia = a blood disorder occurring when
there are too many red blood cells, causing the blood to increase in volume and thicken
, BIOS 255 Exam-Questions and Answers Already Passed
> Anemia = a condition that develops when your blood produces a lower-than-normal
amount of healthy red blood cells
> Sickle-cell Disease = a group of inherited red blood cell disorders causing issues with blood
circulation
Leukocytes Correct Ans-least abundant of the formed elements, but most important for
immunity purposes
> granulocytes = contain granules that stain blue or violet originating from bone marrow
> agranulocytes = clear looking cytoplasm originating from lymphoid
Cardiovascular System (The Blood) Correct Ans-_________________________
, BIOS 255 Exam-Questions and Answers Already Passed
Blood Functions Correct Ans-> transportation (oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients,
hormones, heat, and waste)
> regulation (homeostasis of bodily fluids, pH, blood temp, and water content)
> protection (clotting and fighting infections)
Blood Properties Correct Ans-> mean fraction of body weight = 8%
> volume = 4-6L (based on body size/composition)
> viscosity = thicker, higher BP
> pH = 7.35-7.45 (below - acidosis)
> mean salinity = 0.9% (isotonic, same, to blood)
Blood Composition Correct Ans-> whole blood = what you naturally draw out
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