Definition 1 of 78
Sixteenth Amendment (1913)
-Congress has power to collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source
-Without regard to census or enumeration or notifying the states
Amendment XVII
Amendment XVI
Virginia Plan
Amendment XIII
Definition 2 of 78
1787; This compromise was between the large and small states of the colonies. The Great
Compromise resolved that there would be representation by population in the House of
Representatives, and equal representation would exist in the Senate. Each state, regardless of
size, would have 2 senators. All tax bills and revenues would originate in the House. This
compromise combined the needs of both large and small states and formed a fair and sensible
resolution to their problems.
Reserve Powers
Progressive Era
Anti-Federalists
Great Compromise
,Definition 3 of 78
1792-1816. Formed by Alexander Hamilton. Controlled the government until 1801. Wanted
strong nationalistic government. Opposed by Democratic Republicans.
Federalist Party
Primary Elections
Enumerated Powers
Gibbons v. Ogden
Definition 4 of 78
An 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the
facilities for blacks and whites were equal
Frederick Douglass
Primary Elections
Plessy v. Ferguson
McCulloch v. Maryland
Definition 5 of 78
(Large State Plan) Would separate the Judicial and Executive branches, as well as two-chamber
congress that would have supreme authority in all areas "in which the separate states are
incompetent"
-representation
-appointment
-reps based on state population
Frederick Douglass
Virginia Plan
Declaration of Independence
Townshend Acts
,Definition 6 of 78
Supremacy Clause
In this clause, the Constitution says that any federal laws that are made according to the
Constitution are the supreme laws. That means that state laws that go against federal laws are
not valid. "Supreme Law of the Land"
Good Behavior
Elastic Clause
Article VI
Apportionment
Definition 7 of 78
Fourteenth Amendment (1868)
-All people born in the US are citizens
-States cannot infringe on privileges or immunities towards its people
-No state shall deprive any person life, liberty, or property without due process of law
Amendment XVII
Amendment XVI
Amendment XIV
Amendment XV
Definition 8 of 78
The idea that certain restrictions should be placed on government to protect the natural rights
of citizens.
Strict Construction
Unfunded Mandates
Limited Government
Judicial Review
, Definition 9 of 78
Federal grants-in-aid that allow states CONSIDERABLE DIGRESSION in how the funds are
spent
Block Grants
Categorical Grants
Enumeration
Judicial Review
Definition 10 of 78
Section of the Constitution that grants 17 enumerated powers to Congress
Article I
Anti-Federalists
Apportionment
Ratification of the Constitution
Definition 11 of 78
An 1857 Supreme Court decision under Justice Roger Taney (Prior to Civil War) that inflamed
hostilities between the north and the south regarding slavery. The Court stated that an African
American was not a citizen and did not have the right to sue for his freedom
New Jersey Plan
Gibbons v. Ogden
McCulloch v. Maryland
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
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