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Illinois Seed Treatment Exam Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+
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Illinois Seed Treatment Exam Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+
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Illinois Seed TreatmentExam Questions and
Complete Solutions
Graded A+
seed treatment pesticides include - Answer: 1. herbicide antidotes (safeners) 2. bactericides 3.
inscecticides 4. fungicides
not a seed treatment - Answer: 1. seed applied growth regulators 2. micronutrients 3. nitrogen-fixing
organisms
advantages of using seed treatment - Answer: 1. control of seedborne pathogens 2. protect vulnerable
seeds and seedlings during stressful conditions of germination and emergence 3. targeted, low dosage 4.
relatively inexpensive control option 5. relatively inexpensive control option 6. reduced environment
impact 7. may be only real control option 8. may be an alternative for spraying some early foliar pests
disadvantages of seed treatment - Answer: 1. accidental poisoning of children, animals, and wildlife 2.
potential for contamination of food and feed supply 3. exposure during application and planting 4. seed
or seedling phtyotoxicity 5. limited duration of protection (also a benefit) 6. what to do with leftover
treated seed
factors that favor the use of seed treatments - Answer: 1. field is for seed production 2. low test weight
or older seed 3. planting in unfavorable germination conditions such as wet and/or cold soil(these
conditions may allow weak pathogens to infect) 4. planting into fields with a history of stand
establishment problems 5. planting to precise populations 6. replanting will not be feasible if first
planting fails 7. seed is expensive 8. seed thought to carry certain seedborne pathogens 9. yield
potential of field is high
seed treatment as part of ipm - Answer: 1. help minimize negative effects on the environment 2. avoid
pesticide residue in the food supply 3. minimize economic loss due to pests
, 4. avoid development of pests that overcame pesticides and host plant resistance
purpose of seed treatments - Answer: A. control of seedborne pathogens *seedborne pathogens may be
found on the seed surface, in cracks and crevices or as infections inside the intact seed * these
pathogens may be important for three reasons: 1. some seedborne pathogens may not survive in the
soil or on plant residues. 2. seedborne pathogens may get a head start and cause greater damage. 3.
seedborne pathogens may move from one location to another in seed shipments B. control of soilborne
and foliar pests *germinating seeds and young plants are relatively tender and lack food reserves to
recover from injuries
contact pesticides - Answer: control only surface pathogens
systemic pesticides - Answer: help control seedborne pathogens both on the surface and internally
alternatives to seed treatment - Answer: 1. crop rotation 2. good fertility management 3. heat treatment
4. planting date 5. soil applied or post-emergence sprays 6. controlling volunteer crop plants
fungi - Answer: small organisms that are mostly saprophytic (live on dead plant or animal material) but a
few are pathogenic (live on live plants or animals)
Bacteria - Answer: are single-celled organism that reproduce by division
viruses - Answer: consist of either dna or rna with a protein coat
common bunt of wheat (external) - Answer: *seeds dark and fish smelling (stinking bunt) *bunted heads
stay green longer * persitsts on seed and in soil *infects coleoptile before evergence
loose smut of wheat (internal) - Answer: *fungus lies dormant in the embryo until germination *infected
heads form head early and produce spores instead of seed *neighboring plants are infected during
flowering
pythium and phytophthora (seedling root diseases) - Answer: *fungal-like organisms and are considered
water molds (spores swim in water) *they can infect and kill all season as long as soil is wet *they sause
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