BIO 280 (LATEST 2024/2025) FINAL EXAM |COMPLETE WITH Q& A
ACCURATELY ANSWERED
Please select the best answer to each question. There are 37 questions.
1. An organism's fitness is best measured by measuring its
a. strength or vigor
b. lifespan
c. size
d. lifetime reproductive success
2. The gill pouch of a chicken embryo and the gill pouch of a human embryo are
a. homozygous
b. homologous
c. paralogous
d. analogous
3. Robert Hooke was among the 17th century scientists whose work confirmed that
a. fossil organisms have important similarities to living ones
b. the Earth is very old
c. all organisms are linked by common ancestry
d. individuals of species compete in a “struggle for existence”
4. Heritable variation and differential reproductive success together will inevitably
result in adaptive evolution if
a. reproductive success and variable traits are not correlated
b. relative reproductive success is determined by heritable traits
c. the inbreeding coefficient is high and population size is small
d. any of the above is true
5. In Yoo’s artificial selection experiment with fruit flies, bristle number declined in
all populations after Yoo stopped selecting for it because
a. after artificial selection ended, genetic drift became the predominant cause
of evolution
b. in the changed environment, the benefit of having many bristles no
longer outweighed the cost.
c. in the changed environment, competition no longer affected evolution
d. after artificial selection ended, gene flow increased
, 6. For a single locus with two alleles (A1 and A2) in a population of a diploid species,
if ½ of the individuals are heterozygous at the locus and ½ are homozygous A1, the
frequency of allele A2 in the gene pool is
a. 0
b. 0.25
c. 0.5
d. 0.75
7. In the Losos lizard transplantation experiment, legs become shorter and more
slender in all 14 experimental populations due to.
a. disruptive selection
b. frequency dependent selection
c. genetic drift
d. directional selection
8. The alleles responsible for antibiotic resistance in bacteria
a. arise in response to the presence of antibiotics
b. are identical to the alleles responsible for pesticide resistance in insects
c. are present in bacterial populations that have never been exposed to
antibiotics
d. are formed by interactions between antibiotic molecules and bacterial
DNA
9. In a population of bluegill fish in which the parental and cuckolder male
phenotypes are at evolutionary equilibrium, the parental phenotype will have
__ fitness if it becomes _ , due to _ _
a. decreased, less common, frequency dependent selection
b. decreased , more common, frequency dependent selection
c. increased, more common, frequency dependent selection
d. decreased, more common, genetic drift and inbreeding
10. Adaptive evolution is limited by trade-offs because it is often the case that
a. organisms often trade traits with one another
b. the effects of natural selection are offset by the effects of non-adaptive
evolution
c. multiple traits cannot be optimized simultaneously
d. developmental regulatory genes are highly conserved
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