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CHEM 1100 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS.
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CHEM 1100 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS.
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CHEM 1100 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITHCORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS.
Identify the three general regions of the atmosphere. - ANSWER- • Troposphere-
weather, where we spend our life
• Stratosphere- ozone
• Mesosphere -30 miles up
Describe air in terms of its major components and their relative amounts - ANSWER- •
Inhaled air- Primarily nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%) (argon- 0.9%)
• Exhaled air- 75% nitrogen, 16% oxygen .9% argon
List the 'big six' major air pollutants and describe the effects of each on humans.
Arrange the top four in order of greatest reduction since 1980, and by what approximate
percentage. - ANSWER- • Lead (91)
• Carbon Monoxide (79)
• Sulfer Dioxide (71)
• Nitrogen Dioxide (46)
• Ozone (25)
• Particles
Define the terms NAAQS, Exposure, and Toxicity. Use them to interpret air quality data
in terms of concentrations units and pollution levels. Can or should there be "pollution-
free" air? - ANSWER- • NAAQS- National Ambient Air Quality Standards required by
EPA. Legal exposure limits
• Exposure- the amount of the substance encountered
• Toxicity- the intrinsic hazard of a substance
Evaluate conditions significant in Risk-Benefit analysis. How is risk determined and
used by environmental scientists such as those in the EPA. - ANSWER- risk must be
weighed against benefit and cost.
Cost/Benefit: Two schools of Thought:
Precautionary Principle: Industry must
demonstrate no harm before being allowed to
proceed.
Best Available Technology Not Entailing
Excessive Costs (BATNEEC): Most companies
and governments utilize
Benefit>Cost
, • Matter - ANSWER- physical material of the universe
• Substance - ANSWER- matter that has distinct properties and a composition that
doesn't vary
• Mixture - ANSWER- combination of two or more substances
• Elements - ANSWER- cannot be broken down into simpler substances by any
chemical means
• Compounds - ANSWER- two or more elements in a fixed chemical composition and
combination
• Ionic - ANSWER- anions and cations with opposite charges that attract each other.
metal plus nonmetal. Metal comes first, then nonmetal with ending ide
• Covalent - ANSWER- sharing of electrons
Describe the structure, mass, and electric charge of the atom in terms of protons,
neutrons, and electrons. - ANSWER- • Protons and neutrons- located in the nucleus of
the atom. Mass is due to nucleus.
• Electrons- located outside of the nucleus. Volume of atom due to electrons.
Describe how elements are organized in the periodic table and what kind of patterns
emerge for elements in the same group. Recite the names of groups 1A, 2A, 7A and
8A. - ANSWER- • Vertical columns- groups- similar properties
o 1A: Alkali metals
o 2A: Alkaline Earth Metals
o 7A: Halogens
o 8A: Noble/ Inert gases
Identify the three most abundant elements found in the human body and the Earth's
crust. - ANSWER- • Earths crust- oxygen(49.5%), silicon(25.7%), other(9.2%)
• Human body - oxygen(65%), carbon(18%), hydrogen(10%)
Distinguish between molecular substances and ionic substances in terms of their
elemental components. (as in, which is commonly made of metal and nonmetal, which
is commonly made of nonmetals) - ANSWER- • metals- conduct heat and electricity well
• nonmetals- don't conduct heat and electricity well
• metalloids- semi conductors; properties of both
Explain how ions are formed by the gain or loss of electrons and the terms anion and
cation. - ANSWER- • Cation- positively charged ions, loses electron, metals
• Anion- negatively charged ions, gains electron, nonmetals
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