1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
ENPC Questions and Correct
Answers | Latest Update
Pediatric triangle
→ ::- appearance
→ work of breathing
→ circulation to skin
General appearance considerations
→ ::- Tone
→ Interactiveness: drawn to sounds or people. Wants to play
→ Consolability
→ Look/Gaze
→ Speech/cry
Work of breathing:
→ ::- Increased work of breathing evidenced by tachypnea, stridor,
grunting, retractions, accessory musles, nasal flaring, head bobbing,
abnormal positioning
Circulation to Skin
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
→ ::- Observe palor
mottling
cyanosis
Sick, Sicker, Sickest
→ ::- Sick: no disruption of any component of PAT but caregivers are
concerned
Sicker: one component of PAT is a concern
Sickest 2+ concerns of PAT
2 leading causes of altered mental status in kids
→ ::- hypoxia
hypoglycemia
Blood pressure norms
→ ::- Hypotension: Less than 70 + (2 x age in years)
Widening pulse pressure = increased ICP
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
Narrowing pulse pressure = hypovolemic shock
Crying child
→ ::- Vigorous = good
weak = sick
high-pitched = increased ICP
"Fussiness" = red flag
Respiratory distress indicated by:
→ ::- increased heart rate
skin color changes
incrased work of breathing
wheezing
diaphoresis
abnormal airwa sounds
Respiratory failure signs
→ ::- fatigue and become lethargic
hypoxia
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
hypercarbia
General airway interventions
→ ::- Allow child to stay in most comfortable position
Give O2 to maintain it above 92%
O2 does NOT measure ventilation
Croup
→ ::- 1-3 days of nasal congestion and fever with sudden onset of barky
cough
Treatment: dexamethasone and nebulized epi
Discharge Teaching: oral hydration, get child to cool air or steamy bathroom
Asthma interventions
→ ::- albuterol, duo neb and oral steroid
Bronchiolitis/RSV
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
ENPC Questions and Correct
Answers | Latest Update
Pediatric triangle
→ ::- appearance
→ work of breathing
→ circulation to skin
General appearance considerations
→ ::- Tone
→ Interactiveness: drawn to sounds or people. Wants to play
→ Consolability
→ Look/Gaze
→ Speech/cry
Work of breathing:
→ ::- Increased work of breathing evidenced by tachypnea, stridor,
grunting, retractions, accessory musles, nasal flaring, head bobbing,
abnormal positioning
Circulation to Skin
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
→ ::- Observe palor
mottling
cyanosis
Sick, Sicker, Sickest
→ ::- Sick: no disruption of any component of PAT but caregivers are
concerned
Sicker: one component of PAT is a concern
Sickest 2+ concerns of PAT
2 leading causes of altered mental status in kids
→ ::- hypoxia
hypoglycemia
Blood pressure norms
→ ::- Hypotension: Less than 70 + (2 x age in years)
Widening pulse pressure = increased ICP
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
Narrowing pulse pressure = hypovolemic shock
Crying child
→ ::- Vigorous = good
weak = sick
high-pitched = increased ICP
"Fussiness" = red flag
Respiratory distress indicated by:
→ ::- increased heart rate
skin color changes
incrased work of breathing
wheezing
diaphoresis
abnormal airwa sounds
Respiratory failure signs
→ ::- fatigue and become lethargic
hypoxia
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
hypercarbia
General airway interventions
→ ::- Allow child to stay in most comfortable position
Give O2 to maintain it above 92%
O2 does NOT measure ventilation
Croup
→ ::- 1-3 days of nasal congestion and fever with sudden onset of barky
cough
Treatment: dexamethasone and nebulized epi
Discharge Teaching: oral hydration, get child to cool air or steamy bathroom
Asthma interventions
→ ::- albuterol, duo neb and oral steroid
Bronchiolitis/RSV
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
