Het document bestaat uit een samenvatting van het boek natuuronderwijs inzichtelijk. Deze samenvatting helpt bij het maken van de kennis toets van WO natuur en techniek. In de samenvatting is ook in de bijlage een samenvatting te vinden van de oefentoetsen uit het boek de natuur en techniek toets h...
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Hoofdstuk 1 Planten ................................................................................................................................ 5
1.1 De groene wereld van de planten ........................................................................................... 5
1.1.2 Wieren (algen) ........................................................................................................................ 5
1.1.3 Mossen ................................................................................................................................... 5
1.1.4 Paardenstaarten ..................................................................................................................... 6
1.1.6 Zaadplanten ............................................................................................................................ 6
1.2 De bouw van zaadplanten ....................................................................................................... 6
1.2.3 De bouw en functie van wortels ............................................................................................. 7
1.2.4 De bouw en functie van stengels............................................................................................ 7
1.2.5 Bomen .................................................................................................................................... 8
1.2.6 Bescherming ........................................................................................................................... 8
1.3.1 Geslachtelijke en ongeslachtelijke voorplanting .................................................................... 8
1.3.2 Bollen, knollen en uitlopers. ................................................................................................... 8
1.3.3 De bouw en functie van bloemen .......................................................................................... 9
1.3.4 De bestuiving .......................................................................................................................... 9
1.3.5 Bevruchting............................................................................................................................. 9
1.4 Seizoen verschillen ...................................................................................................................... 10
1.4.1 Lente ..................................................................................................................................... 10
1.4.2 Herfst .................................................................................................................................... 10
1.4.3 Winter ................................................................................................................................... 10
1.5 Schimmels en paddenstoelen...................................................................................................... 10
1.5.1 Het schimmelrijk................................................................................................................... 10
1.5.2 De voedingswijze van schimmels ......................................................................................... 11
1.5.3 Levenscyclus van een paddenstoel....................................................................................... 11
Hoofdstuk 2 Indeling van het dierenrijk ................................................................................................ 12
2.1 Dieren .......................................................................................................................................... 12
2.1.1 Kenmerken............................................................................................................................ 12
2.1.2 Ongewervelde dieren ........................................................................................................... 12
2.1.3 Gewervelde dieren ............................................................................................................... 13
2.2 Aanpassing aan de primaire levensbehoeften ............................................................................ 14
2.2.1 Primaire levensbehoeften .................................................................................................... 14
2.2.2 Aanpassing om voedsel te verkrijgen ................................................................................... 14
2.2.3 Aanpassingen om gevaar te vermijden ................................................................................ 15
2.2.4 Aanpassingen om een partner te bemachtigen ................................................................... 15
2.2.5 Natuurlijke selectie ............................................................................................................... 15
, 2.3 Aanpassingen in de winter .......................................................................................................... 16
2.3.1 Veranderende habitat........................................................................................................... 16
2.3.2 Migratie ................................................................................................................................ 16
2.3.3 Lichamelijke veranderingen en gedragingen ........................................................................ 16
2.4 Aanpassing aan de omgeving ...................................................................................................... 16
2.4.1 Het leven in het water .......................................................................................................... 16
2.4.2 Het leven op het land ........................................................................................................... 16
2.4.3 Het leven in de lucht............................................................................................................. 16
2.4.4 Warm en koudbloedige dieren ............................................................................................. 17
2.5 Voortplanting ............................................................................................................................... 17
2.5.1 Geslachtelijke en ongeslachtelijke voortplanting ................................................................. 17
2.5.2 Eierleggende en levendbarend ............................................................................................. 17
2.5.3 Gedaanteverwisseling bij insecten ....................................................................................... 17
2.5.4 Gedaanteverwisseling bij amfibieën .................................................................................... 17
3.1 Waarneming ................................................................................................................................ 18
3.1.1 Zintuigen om te overleven.................................................................................................... 18
3.1.2 De samenwerking tussen zintuigen, hersenen en spieren ................................................... 18
3.1.3 De belangrijkste zintuigen .................................................................................................... 18
3.2 Stevigheid en beweging ............................................................................................................... 19
3.2.1 De draagbalken van je lichaam ............................................................................................. 19
3.2.2 Bescherming van vitale organen .......................................................................................... 19
3.2.3 Beweging van je armen en benen ........................................................................................ 20
3.3 Spijsvertering en voeding ............................................................................................................ 20
3.3.1 Spijsvertering ........................................................................................................................ 20
3.4 Ademhaling en bloedsomloop .................................................................................................... 22
3.4.1 Het ademhalingsstelsel......................................................................................................... 22
3.4.2 Het bloedvatenstelsel ........................................................................................................... 23
3.4.3 Vereende krachten ............................................................................................................... 23
3.4.4 Inspanning en rust ................................................................................................................ 23
3.5 Afweer en gezondheid ................................................................................................................. 24
3.6 Voortplanting en seksualiteit....................................................................................................... 24
3.6.3 Erfelijkheid ............................................................................................................................ 25
Hoofdstuk 4 Samenhang in ecosystemen.............................................................................................. 25
4.4.1 Wat is een ecosysteem ......................................................................................................... 25
4.1.2 Voedselrelaties in een ecosysteem....................................................................................... 25
4.1.3 De energiestroom in een ecosysteem .................................................................................. 26
, 4.1.4 De voedselkringloop ............................................................................................................. 26
4.2 Ecosystemen in verandering ........................................................................................................ 26
4.2.1 De dynamiek van ecosystemen ............................................................................................ 26
4.2.2 Veranderingen in een populatie ........................................................................................... 27
4.2.3 Successie............................................................................................................................... 27
4.3 Menselijke invloeden op ecosystemen........................................................................................ 27
4.3.2 Milieuproblemen .................................................................................................................. 27
4.3.3 Klimaatverandering .............................................................................................................. 27
Hoofdstuk 5 Vaste stoffen, vloeistoffen en gassen ................................................................................ 28
5.1.1 Verschijningsvormen ............................................................................................................ 28
5.1.2 De invloed van warmte op de verschijningsvormen ............................................................ 29
5.1.3 Eigenschappen van water ..................................................................................................... 29
5.1.4 Eigenschappen van lucht ...................................................................................................... 30
5.2 Magnetisme ................................................................................................................................. 30
5.2.1 Wat is magnetisme ............................................................................................................... 30
5.2.2 De werking van een magneet ............................................................................................... 31
5.2.3 Magneet velden.................................................................................................................... 31
5.2.4 Magnetisme en elektriciteit ................................................................................................. 31
5.3 Elektriciteit................................................................................................................................... 31
5.3.1 Statische elektriciteit ............................................................................................................ 31
5.3.2 Elektrische stroom ................................................................................................................ 32
5.3.3 Stroomkringen ...................................................................................................................... 32
5.3.4 Geleiding, isolatie en weerstand .......................................................................................... 32
5.3.5 Serie- en parallelschakelingen .............................................................................................. 32
5.3.7 Elektriciteit in huis ................................................................................................................ 33
5.4 Geluid .......................................................................................................................................... 33
5.4.1 Wat is geluid? ....................................................................................................................... 33
5.4.2 Verplaatsing van geluid......................................................................................................... 33
5.2 Licht en kleur ............................................................................................................................... 33
5.2.2 Wat is licht? .......................................................................................................................... 33
5.5.4 Breking van licht ................................................................................................................... 34
5.5.5 De kleuren van de regenboog .............................................................................................. 34
5.5.6 Kleuren zien .......................................................................................................................... 34
5.6 Kracht........................................................................................................................................... 34
5.6.1 Wat is kracht? ....................................................................................................................... 34
5.6.2 Soorten krachten .................................................................................................................. 34
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