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Community and Public Health 2nd ed. (Harkness and DeMarco)-Week 2 Ch. 5, 6, 7, & 8 all 93 questions fully answered Community and Public Health 2nd ed. (Harkness and DeMarco)-Week 2 Ch. 5, 6, 7, & 8 all 93 questions fully answered Community and Public Heal$8.49
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Community and Public Health 2nd ed. (Harkness and DeMarco)-Week 2 Ch. 5, 6, 7, & 8 all 93 questions fully answered Community and Public Health 2nd ed. (Harkness and DeMarco)-Week 2 Ch. 5, 6, 7, & 8 all 93 questions fully answered Community and Public Heal
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Community and Public Health 2nd ed. (Harkness and DeMarco)-Week 2 Ch. 5, 6, 7, & 8 all 93 questions fully answered
Community and Public Health 2nd ed. (Harkness and DeMarco)-Week 2 Ch. 5, 6, 7, & 8 all 93 questions fully answered
Community and Public Health 2nd ed. (Harkness and DeMarco)-Week 2 C...
Community and Public Health 2nd ed.
(Harkness and DeMarco)-Week 2 Ch. 5,
6, 7, & 8
Community and Public Health 2nd ed.
(Harkness and DeMarco)-Week 2 Ch. 5,
6, 7, & 8
Analytical Study - Investigation that uses comparisons between groups to determine the
role of various risk factors in causing the problem.
Association - Statistical relationship between two or more events, characteristics, or
other variables.
Case-control study - Observational analytic study that enrolls one group of persons with
a certain health problems and a group of persons without the health problem. It
compares differences between groups to identify and quantify associations, test
hypothesis, and identify causes.
Case study - research method that involves an in depth analysis of an individual, group,
or institution.
Causality - Relationship between two variables in which the presence or absence of one
variable determines the presence or absence of the other.
Clinical trial - experimental study in which the investigator specifies the type of exposure
for each study participant and then follows each person's health status to determine the
effects of the exposure.
Cohort study - Observational analytical study in which enrollment is based on status of
exposure to a certain factor or membership in a certain group...also called longitudinal
studies
controls - subjects in an experiment who do not receive the "treatment"
The most frequently used studies in public health research - Descriptive studies
types of descriptive studies - observational and analytical
Cross-sectional studies - examine the relationship of health-related characteristics and
other variables of interest in a defined population at a particular point in time.
Disadvantages of Cohort Studies - Inferred causality
, Community and Public Health 2nd ed.
(Harkness and DeMarco)-Week 2 Ch. 5,
6, 7, & 8
Threat to internal validity
Expensive
Long time
Advantages of Case-Control Studies - Allow for the examination of multiple exposures
for a single outcome
Are suitable for studying rare diseases and those with long latency periods
Require fewer case-subjects
Are generally quicker and less expensive to conduct than are cohort studies, making
them well suited for an outbreak investigation
Disadvantages of Case-Control Studies - They are not appropriate for studying rare
exposures.
They are subject to bias because of the method used to select controls.
They do not allow the direct measure of the incidence of disease.
gold standard for research design - The "gold standard" for research design is the
randomized, control group design.
Preventive trials focus on... - primary prevention to reduce the incidence of disease.
Therapeutic trials are based on... - secondary prevention, which focuses on limiting the
spread of disease.
health-related research is the foundation of... - evidence-based practice and is also
used to inform and educate the public.
Health - a quality, an ability to adapt to change, or a resource to help cope with
challenges and processes of daily living
Well-being - a subjective perception of full functional ability as a human being
Core Functions of Public Health - Assessment
Policy development
Assurance
Purpose of Public Health - -Prevent epidemics and spread of disease
-Protect against environmental hazards
-Prevent injuries
-Promote and encourage healthy behaviors
-Respond to disasters and assist communities in recovery
-Assure the quality and accessibility of services
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