HESI A2 VERSION 1 ACTUAL EXAM
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Doppler Effect
Have you ever wondered why the whistle of a traveling, distant locomotive predicts its
approachseveral yards before anyone actually sees it? Or why an oncoming ambulance’s
screaming sirenis heard momentarily several feet before the ambulance comes into full view,
before it passes you, and why its siren is still heard faintly well after the ambulance is out of
sight?
What you are witnessing is a scientific phenomenon known as the Doppler Effect. What
takes place is truly remarkable. In both of these instances, when the train or ambulance
moves towardthe sound waves in front of it, the sound waves are pulled closer together and
have a higher frequency. In either instance, the listener positioned in front of the moving
object hears a higherpitch. The ambulance and locomotive are progressively moving away
from the sound waves behind them, causing the waves to be farther apart and to have a lower
frequency. These fast- approaching modes of transportation distance themselves past the
listener, who hears a lower pitch.
1. Which statement is not listed as a detail in the passage?
A. The oncoming sound waves have a higher pitch because of high frequency and closeness
of waves.
B. The oncoming sound waves have a higher pitch because of low frequency and closenessof
waves.
C. The whistling sound of the locomotive as it approaches and passes can be explained bythe
Doppler effect.
,D. The high-pitched sound of the ambulance as it approaches and passes can be explained by
the Doppler effect.
2. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Trains and ambulances make distinctly loud noises.
B. Low-frequency waves make high-pitched sounds.
C. High-frequency waves make low-pitched sounds.
D. The Doppler Effect explains the rationale for why sound is heard initially more strongly
and then faintly after a moving object has passed.
3. What is the meaning of the word phenomenon in the second paragraph?
A. Something that is lifeless to the senses
B. Something that is nonchalant
C. Something that is significant but unusual
D. Something that is chemical in origin
4. What is the author’s primary purpose in writing this essay?
A. To entertain the reader with information about trains and ambulances
B. To inform the reader about avoiding accidents, which involve trains and ambulances
C. To inform the reader about how movement affects sound
D. To analyze the difference between train and ambulance sounds
5. Which sound waves have a higher pitch?
A. Those waves that are closer together
B. Those waves that are farther apart
C. Those waves that travel a long distance
D. Those waves that travel a short distance
6. Which sound waves have a lower pitch?
,A. Those waves that are closer together
B. Those waves that are farther apart
C. Those waves that travel a long distance
D. Those waves that travel a short distance
Electrocardiogram
Beep!…Beep!…Beep! is the audible rhythmic sound made as the strength of the heart
muscle is measured. The signal cadence has a characteristic record that varies in every
individual. This record is called an electrocardiogram, or ECG.
In the body, an array of systemic neural responses constantly occur, emitting electric
currents. The electric currents can be detected on the surface of the body, and if a person is
hooked to anamplifier, these impulses are recorded by an electrocardiograph.
Most of the information obtained is about the heart because the heart sends out electric
currents in waves. This “wave of excitation” spreads through the heart wall and is
accompanied by electric changes. The wave takes place in three distinct steps.
Initially, the “wave of excitation” accompanied by an electric change lasts for approximately
1to 2 seconds after the contraction of the cardiac muscle. The electric impulses are
discharged rhythmically from the sinoatrial (SA) node, the pacemaker of the heart. This
spread of excitationover the muscle of the atrium indicates that the atrium has contracted.
Next, the peak of the ECG reading is due to the atrioventricular (AV) node, causing the
ventricle to become excited.
Finally, the ventricles relax, and any changes in the wave indicate to trained medical staff
anyabnormalities within the heart.
7. What is the author’s primary purpose in writing the essay?
A. To persuade the reader to have an ECG
B. To entertain the reader with a heart-warming story
C. To inform the reader how an electrocardiograph reads the electric currents emitted by the
heart
D. To analyze the difference in the SA node and the AV node
8. Which statement is not listed as a detail within the passage?
, A. Changes in the ECG are typically used for diagnosis of abnormal cardiac rhythm.
B. The signal has a characteristic record called the electrocardiogram.
C. The “wave of excitation” starts at the SA node.
D. The “wave of excitation” spreads through the heart wall and is accompanied by electric
changes.
9. What is the meaning of the word emitting as it is used in the second paragraph?
A. Repelling
B. Releasing
C. Closing
D. Charging
10. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Electric currents within the body are due to electrostatic charges set off by the heart.
B. The ECG systematically and quickly measures the stages at which the “wave of
excitation” occurs within the heart and records them.
C. The “wave of excitation” is detected on the surface of the body and is used to measurethe
atrial excitation of the heart.
D. The electric currents within the body are in direct relation to the “wave of excitation”
measured by the ECG.
11. What is the best summary of the passage?
A. Electric currents within the body are due to electrostatic charges set off by the heart.
Medical staff are trained to recognize any abnormalities within the heart.
B. Every individual has unique electric currents on the surface of the body. The ECG
measures and records these electric currents.
C. The ECG systematically and rather quickly measures the stages at which the “wave of
excitation” occurs within the heart and records them. This wave has three distinct steps that
spread from the SA node to the AV node.
D. The ECG measures the electric currents within the body. These currents are detected on
the surface of the body when the body is connected to an amplifier.
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