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USU Biol 2320 Final exam questions and correct answers
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USU Biol 2320 Final exam questions and correct answers
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USU Biol 2320 Final examSmall intestine - correct answer ✔✔20 feet long; extends from the pylorus of he stomach to the cecum
of the large intestine; receives blood supply primarily from the SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY; venous
drainage to the HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN
Duodenum - correct answer ✔✔10 in long; originates at the pyloric sphincter; arched around the head
of the pancreas; most is retroperitoneal
Duodenojejunal Flexure - correct answer ✔✔the junction between the duodenum and jejunum
Major duodenal papilla - correct answer ✔✔Located within the duodenum; location where bile from the
liver and pancreatic juice from the pancreas enter the duodenum.
Jejunum - correct answer ✔✔7.5 feet; makes up 2/3 of small intestine; primary region from chemical
digestion and nutrient absorption; intraperitoneal & suspended by the mesentery proper
Ileum - correct answer ✔✔10.8 feet; its distal end terminates at the ileocecal valve; intraperitoneal &
suspended by the mesentery proper; have numerous aggregates of lymph nodes (Peyer patches)
Ileocecal valve - correct answer ✔✔sphincter that controls the entry of materials into the large intestine;
represents the attachment of the distal end of the small intestine to the proximal end of the large
intestine
Peyer's patches - correct answer ✔✔large collections of lymphoid tissue found in the submucosa of the
small intestine
Circular folds (plicae circulares) - correct answer ✔✔deep folds of mucosa and submucosa; INCREASE
the surface area and SLOW DOWN the movement chyme & ensure max nutrient absorption
more numerous in the duodenum & jejunum and least numerous in the ileum
,Villi - correct answer ✔✔Fingerlike extensions of the intestinal mucosa that increase the surface area for
absorption
Microvilli - correct answer ✔✔increase surface area for absorption along the surface of the surface
epithelial cells
each villus contains an ________ and a _________ - correct answer ✔✔arteriole; venule; these form a
rich capillary network and a single lacteal
The CAPILLARIES absorb most nutrients and the LACTEAL absorbs lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins.
Intestinal glands - correct answer ✔✔invaginations of mucosa between intestinal villi that produce
mucus, digestive enzymes, and hormones that aid digestion
Submucosal glands - correct answer ✔✔Located in proximal duodenum; produce an ALKALINE mucus
that protects the duodenum from the acidic chyme
Adhesions - correct answer ✔✔scar tissue that often follows abdominal surgery
Large intestine - correct answer ✔✔origin is at ileocecal junction to its termination at the anus; 5 feet
The large intestine absorbs most of the _____ and _____ from the remaining digested material? - correct
answer ✔✔Water and electrolytes
Cecum - correct answer ✔✔first region of the large intestine; located in RLQ; This pouch extends
inferiorly from the ileocecal valve
Vermiform appendix - correct answer ✔✔A thin, hollow, finger like sac lined with lymphocyte-filled
lymphatic nodules
, Are the cecum and appendix intraperitoneal organs or retroperitoneal organs? - correct answer
✔✔Intraperitoneal
Ascending colon - correct answer ✔✔originates at the ileocecal vale and extends superiorly from the
superior edge of the cecum; is RETROperitoneal
R colonic flexure "hepatic flexure" - correct answer ✔✔bend in colon where ascending colon makes a 90
degree toward the L side of the abdominal cavity
Transverse colon - correct answer ✔✔originates at the R colonic flexure and curves slightly anteriorly as
it projects horizontally across the anterior regional the abdominal cavity; is INTRAperitoneal.
Spenic flexure "L colonic flexure" - correct answer ✔✔bend where transverse colon makes a 90 degree
inferiorly when it approaches the spleen in LUQ
Descending colon - correct answer ✔✔is RETROperitoneal and found along the L side of abdomen;
originates at the L colonic flexure and descends vertically until it terminates at the sigmoid colon
Sigmoid colon - correct answer ✔✔originates at the sigmoid flexure; is INTRAperitoneal; terminates at
the rectum
Diverticulosis - correct answer ✔✔abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall of the colon; occurs in
the SIGMOID COLON due to the increased pressure that exist in this region
Divertculitis - correct answer ✔✔when diverticula become inflamed
Rectum - correct answer ✔✔RETROperitoneal strucure that connects to the sigmoid colon; a muscular
tube that readily expands to store accumulated fecal material prior to defecation; terminates at anal
canal
Rectal valve - correct answer ✔✔3 thick transverse folds of the rectum that ensure that fecal material is
retained during passing of gas
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