Exam (elaborations)
NPRO 1100, Exam 2 Questions And Complete Answers
- Course
- Institution
NPRO 1100, Exam 2 Questions And Complete Answers ...
[Show more]
Content preview
NPRO 1100, Exam 2 Questions AndComplete Answers
what does urine specific gravity (SG) measure and what are the normal ranges - Answer
measures concentration of solutes in urine
normal range: 1.005-1.030
what does BUN measure and what are the normal ranges - Answer measures amount of
urea in the bloodstream
normal range: 7-20 mg/dL
what is creatinine and what are the normal ranges - Answer indicator of renal function
breakdown product of muscle metabolism
normal range: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
what does hematocrit measure and what are the normal ranges - Answer measures the
percentage of RBC in whole blood volume
normal ranges: 40%-50% for males
35%-45% for females
sodium ranges - Answer 135-145 mEq/L
potassium ranges - Answer 3.5-5 mEq/L
calcium ranges - Answer 8.5-10.5 mEq/L
magnesium ranges - Answer 1.5-2.3 mEq/L
O2 sat ranges - Answer 95-100%
what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hyponatremia - Answer causes: GI fluid
loss, hypotonic IV fluid, heart failure, diuretic use
signs and symptoms: dizziness, confusion, weakness, nausea, vomiting
what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hypernatremia - Answer causes:
dehydration, heatstroke, diabetes insipidus
signs and symptoms: thirst, dry/sticky mucous membranes, irritability, hallucinations,
restlessness
,what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hypokalemia - Answer causes: GI fluid loss,
bulimia, metabolic acidosis
signs and symptoms: irregular/weak pulse, EKG changes, muscle weakness, decreased
bowel motility
what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hyperkalemia - Answer causes: kidney
injury, adrenal insufficiency, diabetic ketoacidosis
signs and symptoms: bradycardia, flaccid paralysis, irritability
what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hypocalemia - Answer causes:
hypoparathyroidism, pancreatitis, malabsorption
signs and symptoms: numbness, tingling of extremities, positive trousseau and chvostek
signs
what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hypercalcemia - Answer causes:
hypoparathyroidism, malignant bone disease, prolonged immobilization
signs and symptoms: muscle weakness, decreased deep tendon reflexes, stupor
what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hypomagnesemia - Answer causes:
alcoholism, malabsorption, chronic laxative use
signs and symptoms, neuromuscular excitement, muscle spasms, confusion, insomnia
what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hypermagnesemia - Answer causes: renal
failure, adrenal insufficiency, hyperthyroidism
signs and symptoms: bradycardia, lethargy, diminished reflexes, impaired swallowing
hypotonic solution - Answer "go out of the vessel and into the cell"
extracellular to intracellular
makes cell swell
more diluted and decreased osmolality (less salt, more water)
hypotonic solution examples - Answer 0.45% NS
2.5% dextrose
0.33% NS
uses for hypotonic IV solutions - Answer hypernatremia
intracellular dehydration
helps kidneys excrete excess fluids
, what to monitor for hypotonic solutions - Answer monitor mental status changes
low BP
hypovolemia
hyponatremia
hypertonic solutions - Answer "enter the vessel from the cells"
intracellular to extracellular
cell shrivels
more concentrated and increased osmolality
hypertonic solution examples - Answer 5% dextrose in 0.9% saline (D5NS)
5% dextrose in 0.45% saline
5% dextrose in LR
hypertonic IV solution uses - Answer cerebral edema
hyponatremia
metabolic acidosis
maintenance of fluid
hypovolemia
hypertonic solution side effects - Answer could cause fluid overload in extracellular
space, leading to pulmonary edema (fluid in lungs)
could cause hypernatremia
what to monitor when administering hypertonic solutions - Answer BP
breathing/lung sounds
isotonic solution - Answer "stays where I put it"
same osmolality as body fluids (equal water and particle ratio)
isotonic solution examples - Answer 0.9% saline (NS)
lactated ringers (LR)
5% dextrose (D5W)
isotonic IV uses - Answer expands intravascular fluid volume and replaces fluid loss
associated with:
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Zayla. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
62890 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now