PSYB10H3Y Introduction to Social
Psychology Midterm exam prep
with Prof. Dr. Ravi Thiruchselvam
University of Toronto, Scarborough
,Social Psychology - --scientific study of feelings, thoughts, and behaviours of individuals in social
situation
Personality Psychology - --Close to social psychology, but stresses individual differences in behaviour
rather than social situation
Cognitive Psychology - --Studies how we perceive, think, and remember aspects of the world
Sociology - --Study of behaviour of the people in the aggregate
Dispositions - --Internal factors (beliefs, values, personalities, abilities) whether real or imagined that
guide a bebaviour
Fundamental Attribution Error: - --Failure to recognize importance of situational influences on behaviour
and in turn overemphasize importance of dispositions on behaviour
Channel Factors - --Certain circumstances in the situation that appear unimportant on the surface, but
have great consequence on behaviour (facilitating, blocking, or guiding in a particular direction)
Construal - --People's interpretation and inference about situations or stimuli they confront
Gestalt Psychology - --Perceive objects not by some automatic registering device, but actively (usually
unconscious) interpretation of what the object represents as a whole
Prisoner's Dilemma - --Involving payoff to two people who must decide whether to cooperate or defect.
In the end,, trust and cooperation lead to higher joint payoffs than mistrust and defection
, Schema - --Knowledge structure consisting of any organized body of stored information
Natural Selection - --evolutionary processes that molds organism so traits that enhance probability of
survival and reproduction are passed onto subsequent generations
Theory of Mind - --recognize that other people have beliefs and desires
Parental Investment - --evolutionary principle that costs and benefits associated with reproduction and
nurturing offspring. Different for males and females, so one sex will invest more in the child than the
other sex
Naturalistic Fallacy - --claim that things are the way they should be
Independent (Individualistic) Cultures - --tend to think of themselves as distinct social entities, tied
together by voluntary bonds of affection and organizational membership. But are essentially separate
from others and have attributes that exist in absence of any connection to others
Interdependent (Collectivist) Cultures - --define themselves as part of a collective, tied to other in their
group. Place less importance in individual freedom or personal control over their lives
Hindsight Bias - --tendency to be overconfident about whether they could have predicted a particular
outcome after it has occurred
Hypothesis - --Prediction about what will happen in a particular circumstance
Theory - --Body of related propositions intended to describe some aspect of the world
Participant Observation - --involves observing some phenomenon at close range
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