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USU Anatomy Exam 3 (biol 2320 spring 2022 w/ andy anderson) questions well answered
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USU Anatomy Exam 3 (biol 2320 spring2022 w/ andy anderson)
What are the functions of skeletal muscle tissue (5)? - correct answer ✔✔-body movement
-maintenance of posture
-protection and support
-regulating elimination of materials
-heat production
How do skeletal muscles cause body movement? - correct answer ✔✔pulling on bones and using them
as levers
How do skeletal muscles maintain posture? - correct answer ✔✔contracting specific muscles to stabilize
joints so the body can maintain its upright position
How do skeletal muscles provide protection and support? - correct answer ✔✔by stabilizing the body
walls and helping to prevent displacement of internal structures
How do skeletal muscles regulate the elimination of materials? - correct answer ✔✔some sphincters can
voluntarily contract or relax at orifices of the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts
How do skeletal muscles aid in heat production? - correct answer ✔✔they release heat when they
convert chemical energy (from food) to "physical energy" when they move
fibrous, cordlike structure at the ends of a muscle - correct answer ✔✔tendon
what part of a muscle merges to form a tendon? - correct answer ✔✔the connective tissue layers
which fibrous, cordlike tissue typically connects muscle to bone? - correct answer ✔✔tendon
,What is the thin, flattened sheet sometimes formed from a tendon? - correct answer ✔✔an aponeurosis
aponeurosis etymology - correct answer ✔✔greek for "from sinew"
What is tendonitis? - correct answer ✔✔inflammation of either a tendon or a synovial sheat surrounding
the tendon
What condition can arise from overuse/repetitive use of a tendon, age-related changes, or autoimmune
conditions? - correct answer ✔✔Tendonitis
What is the treatment for tendonitis? - correct answer ✔✔-Rest
-Icing
-Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs)
What is the word for the less moveable attachment of a muscle? - correct answer ✔✔the origin
What is the word for the more moveable attachment of a muscle - correct answer ✔✔the insertion
In the limbs, the origin is usually " " to the insertion - correct answer ✔✔proximal
In the limbs, the insertion is usually " " to the origin - correct answer ✔✔distal
What terms sometimes substitute "origin" and "insertion" when referring to muscles involving the axial
skeleton? - correct answer ✔✔-Superior attachment
-Inferior attachment
What terms sometimes substitute "origin" and "insertion" when referring to muscles involving the
appendicular skeleton? - correct answer ✔✔-Proximal attachment
-Distal attachment
,The superior attachment is often (but not always) also the " . " - correct answer ✔✔insertion
The inferior attachment is often (but not always) also the " . " - correct answer ✔✔origin
The proximal attachment is often (but not always) also the " . " - correct answer ✔✔origin
The distal attachment is often (but not always) also the " . " - correct answer ✔✔insertion
where in the muscles would you find extensive networks of blood vessels and nerve fibers? - correct
answer ✔✔extending through the fibrous coverings of the muscles
What do the blood vessels do for muscles? - correct answer ✔✔-deliver nutrients and oxygen to the
muscle fibers for the production of ATP
-remove waste products produced by the muscle fibers
What is the word for having red urine? - correct answer ✔✔Hematuria
What is rhabdomyolysis? - correct answer ✔✔-A breakdown of muscle tissue that releases myoglobin
-myoglobin clogs the kidneys and breaks down into poisonous daughter molecules
-poisoning may kill the kidneys if prolonged
-kidneys no longer excrete potassium, causing cardiac arrest
What organ is the first stop in the body's waste elimination system? - correct answer ✔✔the kidneys
What is leaked from muscles when they are crushed, cut off from blood supply, or violently stressed? -
correct answer ✔✔Myoglobin
What is the oxygen-storing protein of the muscles? - correct answer ✔✔Myoglobin
, What substance is responsible for "choking" and "poisoning" the kidneys in rhabdomyolysis? - correct
answer ✔✔Myoglobin
In what serious condition is a protein leaked from damaged muscles, clogging the kidneys? - correct
answer ✔✔Rhabdomyolysis
How many liters of saline are needed daily to flush the kidneys in Rhabdomyolysis? - correct answer
✔✔up to 20 liters
Which type of muscle is controlled by the somatic nervous system? - correct answer ✔✔Skeletal muscle
What type of neurons stimulate muscle contraction? - correct answer ✔✔"efferent neurons" or "motor
neurons"
What is the term for the wasting away of muscle that is not used enough? - correct answer ✔✔Atrophy
What is required to prevent atrophy? - correct answer ✔✔periodic stimulation of muscles to contract by
motor neurons
Which type of neuron sends impulses to the central nervous system about the activity of the muscles? -
correct answer ✔✔Afferent neurons (sensory neurons)
Which portion of a neuron travels through the fibrous coverings of a muscle and sends a nerve impulse
to an individual muscle fiber? - correct answer ✔✔The axon
What are bundles of muscle fibers called? - correct answer ✔✔fascicles
Which fascicle pattern is a sphincter? - correct answer ✔✔Circular muscle
What is the first sphincter of the digestive tract? - correct answer ✔✔The orbicularis oris muscle
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