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CRIM 249 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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CRIM 249 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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CRIM 249 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
WhereUdidUtheUlabelingUtheoryUcomeUfrom?U-UANSWERUTheUnewUsocialUthinkingUofUtheU1960sUandU1970s
LabelingUtheoryUisUtheUmanifestationUofU-UANSWERUMistrustUofUgovernmentUpower
LabelingUtheoriesUmistrustUofUgovernmentalUpowerUcameUfromU-
UANSWERUNewUcivilUrightsUdecisionsUandUcrimeUratesUrising
TheUlabelingUtraditionUtakesUseriouslyUtheUpowerUofUbadUlabelsUtoUstigmatize,UandUbyUdoingUsoU-
UANSWERUtheyUevokeUtheUveryUbehaviorUtheUlabelUsignifies
LabelingUtheoryUshiftsUtheUfocusUfromU-UANSWERUtheUactorUtoUtheUreactor
WithUtheUlabelingUtheory,UdevianceUisUbothUtheU-UANSWERUdependentUandUindependentUvariable
LabelingUasUaUdependentUvariableU-
UANSWERUaUlabelUthatUtriesUtoUexplainUwhyUaUcertainUbehaviorUisUconsideredUwrongUandUcertainUindividua
lsUareUselectedUforUlabeling
LabelingUasUanUindependentUvariableU-
UANSWERUwhenU"labels"UareUwhatUisUcausingUtheUproblemUandUperpetuatingUtheUcycleUofUdelinquentUbeh
avior
InUtheU1960's,UtheUlabelingUtheoryUfocusedUonUthreeUmainUissuesU-
UANSWERU1.UWhatUcertainUbehaviorsUareUlabeledUcrimeUandUothersUnot
2.UWhyUeveryoneUwhoUbreaksUtheUlawUareUnotUdetected/designatedUasUcriminals
3.UConsequencesUofUbeingUlabeledUaUcriminal
WhatUdidUtheUlabelingUtheoryUcritique?U-UANSWERUstatesUpower
,WhatUdoUlabelingUtheoriesUreject?U-UANSWERUusingUoffenderUasUstartingUpointUofUanalysis
LabelingUtheoryUfocusesUonUbehaviorUofUthoseUwho:U-
UANSWERULabelUoffenders,UreachUtoUoffenders,UseekUtoUcontrolUoffenders
criminalsUareUmadeUwhen:U-UANSWERU-criminalUstatusUisUupheldUinUpublic
-exposedUtoUcriminalUvaluesUandUassociationUwithUcriminalUothers
-thinkUofUselfUasUcriminals
labelingUtheoryUbelievesUprisonsUcanU-UANSWERUdeepenUcriminalUinvolvement
Lemert'sUprimaryUdevianceU(labelingUtheory)U-UANSWERU-SeenUasUperipheralUtoUpersonsUidentity
-doesUnotUseeUasUreflectionUofUone'sUidentity
-rationalizeUandUdealtUwithUasUpartUofUsociallyUacceptedUrole
-occurUforUvarietyUofUindividualUandUsituationalUreasons
Lemert'sUSecondaryUDevianceU(labelingUtheory)U-UANSWERU-SeenUasUpartUofUone'sUlife/identity
-occurUasUaUresponseUtoUreactionsUofUothers
-stigmatized
-acceptanceUofUdeviantUsocialUstatusUandUmakeUchoicesUconstrainedUbyUandUreaffirmedUbyUdeviantUstatus
consequencesUofUbeingUlabeledUcriminalU-UANSWERU-drawsUonUtheoryUofUsymbolicUinteractionism
-embracingUtheUcriminalUlabel
-lossUofUconventionalUrelationships
-associationUwithUothersUcriminallyUlabeledUpeople
-deniedUconventionalUopportunities
SymbolicUInteractionismU-UANSWERUaUmicro-
levelUtheoryUinUwhichUsharedUmeanings,Uorientations,UandUassumptionsUformUtheUbasicUmotivationsUbehi
ndUpeople'sUactions
, theUclassicUlabelingUprocessU-UANSWERUprimaryUdeviance-->UformalUsanctionsU-->UchangeUinUself-
conceptU-->UsecondaryUdeviance
theUclassicUlabelingUprocess:UprimaryUdevianceU-UANSWERU-mostUengageUinUthis
-typicallyUsporadic,UnotUserious
theUclassicUlabelingUprocess:UformalUsanctionsU-UANSWERU-degradationUceremony
-stigmatizing
theUclassicUlabelingUprocess:UchangeUinUself-conceptU-UANSWERU-lookingUglassUself
-hardUtoUresistUformalUlabel
theUclassicUlabelingUprocess:UsecondaryUdevianceU-UANSWERUCausedUbyUnewUself-
imageUasUcriminalUorUdeviant
MarunaUcontendedUcriminalsUareU-UANSWERUdynamic
MarunaUexaminedU-UANSWERUwhatUpeopleUthoughtUaboutUthemselvesUandUtheirUfutures
MarunaUsoughtUtoUunderstandU-
UANSWERUwhyUdesistanceUoccursU(DevelopmentUofUcoherent,UprosocialUidentity)
MarunaUbelievesUidentitiesUshapeU-UANSWERUeverydayUchoices
Maruna'sU"makingUgood"U-UANSWERUstopUengagingUinUcrimeUbyU"makingUgood"
"makingUgood"U-UANSWERU-CognitiveUdistortionUwhereUcriminalUpastUisUrecast
-UnderstandUthatUthey'reUnoUlongerUlikeUtheyUwereUwhenUcommittingUcrime
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